新常态下农业可持续发展的 新问题及对策研究

NEW PROBLEMS AND COUNTERMEASURES FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF AGRICULTURE IN CHINA

关键词:  新常态 农业 城镇化 可持续发展 对策

Key words:  new normal  agriculture  urbanization  sustainable development  countermeasures

摘要:

新常态下，中国的农业发展面临着机遇与挑战，文章试图通过分析这些挑战和机遇，提出在新常 态下农业持续发展的相应对策。加入世贸组织以来，我国的农业发展面临着价格上升难和成本增加快的双 重压力，并且近年来由于世贸框架下“黄箱补贴”可利用空间越来越小，我国自然资源承载力超高负荷， 因此我国农业发展的问题愈来愈多。不仅如此，长期以来我国经济的高速运行为农业发展带来了强劲的需 求拉动力，然而，由于社会经济发展已经进入新常态的现实，但由于经营组织方式的影响，农民农业经营 收入偏低，大部分农民失去了持续经营土地的动力。此外，我国的农业发展面临着结构转型、技术升级、 组织形式更新以及实现农业可持续发展的多重挑战。我国农业发展如何从资源过度开发、面源污染加重以 及低科技水平转变为资源节约、环境友好的可持续发展的现代农业，是目前我国新常态下国际农产品市场 竞争背景下亟需解决的现实问题。文章通过分析新常态下我国农业发展遇到的问题，试图开辟出多产业结 合、多种组织形式并存、高科技、高度产业化的农业可持续发展道路。

Abstract:

Currently agricultural development in China faces both challenges and opportunities under the circum- stance of”normal state”. This study intends to reveals these challenges and opportunities and to propose counter- measures for sustainable development. Agricultural development has been faced with difficulties in the price rise and cost increase Since China joined in the WTO. For the available space of”yellow box subsidy” in the frame- work of the WTO has been getting smaller and the carrying capacity of natural resources has reached a very high level in recent years， problems of agricultural development in China were increasing. Moreover， the high speed op- eration of our country's economy has brought a strong pull power of agricultural development demand for a long time. However， as the development of social economy has entered the”new normal” and the agricultural manage- ment income of farmers has been low， most farmers lost the power of sustained operation of land. In addition， agri- cultural development in China faces multiple challenges， which are the structure transformation， the technology up- grading， the update of organizational forms and the achievement of sustainable agricultural development. The prob- lems that to change ways of China's agricultural development and to create a sustainable development of agriculture must be faced under the circumstance of”normal state” and international agricultural competition. This paper an- alyzed the problems of agricultural development in the new normal and tried to summarize the road of agricultural sustainable development.