戈壁的正向生态作用与负向生态作用———以甘肃河西走廊为例

POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE EFFECTS ON THE ECOLOGY OF GOBI———A CASE STUDY OF THE HEXI CORRIDOR OF GANSU

关键词:  戈壁 沙漠 沙尘暴 贡献率 生态效应 甘肃河西

Key words:  gobi  desert  sandstorm  ecological effects  Hexi Corridor of Gansu

摘要:

戈壁是一种重要的土地资源，戈壁所占面积较大，在荒漠生态系统中占有重要地位。为了推进戈 壁研究与荒漠生态系统研究的协调发展，文章运用查阅文献与实地考察等方法，从戈壁的分类、戈壁地表 辐射与能量传输、戈壁风沙流、戈壁地表风蚀等几个方面对我国的戈壁研究进行了综述性分析。结果表 明:（1）由于戈壁相对较为稳定，也或许由于其利用价值相对较低，因而我国对于戈壁的研究相对薄弱; （2）目前我国有关戈壁的研究主要集中在戈壁地表辐射与能量传输、戈壁风沙流与戈壁地表风蚀方面，微 观方面的深入研究与宏观方面的综合研究均较为薄弱，尤其是缺少上一级系统的要素之间的互动机理研 究;（3）研究区域多集中在甘肃河西走廊西端，目前对不同区域的戈壁的分异特征与分异规律的研究还很 不够。建议今后将戈壁、沙漠纳入到上一级生态系统中，研究戈壁的形成与发育过程，尤其是现代过程; 研究生态要素的功能尤其是互动机理;研究戈壁、沙漠与全球变暖、环境变化的关系。

Abstract:

Gobi is an important land resource which occupies an important position in the desert ecosystem due to its large area. To promote the coordinated development of Gobi research with the desert ecosystem research，this pa- per reviewed China's research on Gobi from several aspects such as the gobi classification， radiation and energy transfer， sand flow， wind erosion， using the literature and field investigation methods.The results showed:1） China 's research on Gobi was relatively weak since the Gobi was relatively stable but low utilization value;2） Current re- search on Gobi focused on surface radiation and energy transfer， the sand flow， and wind erosion of Gobi. In- depth study of micro level and comprehensively study of macro aspect were relatively weak， especially lack of inter- action mechanism between the elements of upper level the system. 3） The study area concentrated in the western end of Gansu Hexi Corridor， but it was not enough in different regions for the study of differentiation characteristics and diversity law of Gobi. Finally， it proposed some suggestions for the Gobi research such as focusing on the for- mation and development process of Gobi especially the modern process of Gobi， ecological features especially the interaction mechanism of ecological factors， and the relationship between Gobi and desert and global warming and environmental change.