宁夏中部干旱带发展高产杂交谷子产业的建议

RECOMMEND OF HIGH-YIELDING HYBRID MILLET DEVELOPMENT IN CENTRAL ARID ZONE OF NINGXIA

关键词:  杂交谷子 中部干旱带 高产 节水 抗旱

Key words:  hybrid millet  central arid zone  high-yield  water conservation  drought resistance

摘要:

宁夏水资源严重匮乏，在全球气候变暖背景下，中部干旱带干旱有所加剧，水资源供需矛盾日益 突出，粮食产量长期低而不稳，生态移民脱贫压力大，生存与发展问题突出。2010年以来，宁夏气象部门 在中部干旱带成功引种了杂交谷子系列品种，并开展了大量试验，累计推广近666.7hm 2 。在2011年极旱 年份下将高产杂交谷子与当地主栽作物种植的成本效益及前景进行了对比分析。分析表明，杂交谷子节 水、抗旱性强，比当地传统谷子稳定增产1倍以上，加上小杂粮价格较高，农民收益普遍高于种植其它作 物。在张杂谷引种试验及示范推广的基础上，结合农业气候资源分布状况，制作了宁夏张杂谷栽培的气候 适宜性区划图，得出不同地区适宜发展的品种、种植方式及种植风险。建议在宁夏中部干旱带积极稳妥发 展杂交谷子种植，加强杂交谷子高产栽培与节水种植技术培训，建立谷子种植-加工-销售一条龙服务体 系，使之成为中部干旱带农民增收致富的新途径之一。

Abstract:

Ningxia is a severe water scarcity province in China. Under the background of global warming， the drought on central arid zone has intensified， the contradiction between water supply and demand is increasingly prominent， and food production is low and long-term instability. Ecological migrants faced enormous pressure to get rid of poverty， and survival and development problems became prominent. Since 2010， Ningxia meteorological department successfully introduced a series of hybrid millet varieties in the central arid zone， carried out a large se- ries of hybrid millet experimental study， and promoted the planting areas to nearly 667hm 2 .In this paper， under the very dry year of 2011， the comparative cost-effectiveness and prospects of high-yielding hybrid millet with local mainly cultivars was analyzed. The results showed that the cultivation of hybrid millet can save water resources， re- sist heavy drought， and increase more than double yield comparing with the traditional local millet yields. Due to the high price of small grains， farmers' income was generally higher than that planting other crops. Based on the Zhang hybrid millet experiment and demonstration， combined with the distribution of agricultural climate resources， the Ningxia Zhang hybrid millet cultivated climatic suitability zoning map was obtained. Different areas suitable va- rieties for cultivation， methods and planting risks were analyzed. It recommended to actively and steadily develop hybrid millet cultivation in the central arid zone of Ningxia，strengthen hybrid millet yield cultivation and water- saving technology training， and establish millet cultivation-processing-marketing service system becoming a new way for the central arid zone farmers to get rich.