从农产品国际贸易谈我国粮食安全的现状及策略选择

THE STATUS QUO OF CHINA'S FOOD SECURITY AND STRATEGY SELECTION BASED ON THE AGRICULTURAL PRODUCT INTERNATIONAL TRADE

关键词:  农产品 农产品贸易 粮食安全 贸易自由化 经济全球化

Key words:  agricultural products  agricultural products trade  food security  trade liberalization  economic globalization

摘要:

我国是一个人口众多、耕地紧张的发展中国家，粮食安全问题突出。虽然多年来政府通过政策手段保障了粮食生产的连续性，但是相较于不断提升的粮食消费，我国仍面临着较大的粮食缺口。此外，虽然多年来我国粮食产量一直保持稳定的增长态势，然而随着农业生产对自然资源的占用越来越多，自然资源的荷载能力已经不足于在更长时间内提供充足的粮食增长空间。因此，通过国际贸易的相关手段，来保障粮食安全，是我国目前应对粮食增产乏力的重要途径，也是长期战略。保障粮食安全，国内生产是基础，应当在现有条件下进一步完善种粮补贴制度，保障主粮的自给自足；国际贸易是补充，通过加大进口，丰富进口渠道与品种，降低对单一粮食进口市场的依赖度，来保障我国整体的粮食安全；加大对国际粮食市场的影响是战略高地，中资企业或机构应该利用资金与不断提升的技术优势在海外建立粮食基地，并通过政府间及民间合作来扩大对国际粮食市场的影响，参与国际粮食贸易的规则制定。

Abstract:

China is a country with a large population and limited arable land.Food security is an important part of national securityAlthough the government ensured the continuity of food production through policy measures，China still faced a large food gap due to the continuous improvement of food consumptionIn addition，China's grain output remained stable growth for many years，however，with the use of agricultural production of natural resources more and more，the load capacity of natural resources was not sufficient to provide adequate food growing space for a long timeTherefore，to protect food security through the means of international trade is an important way to deal with the lack of food production in ChinaTo ensure food security，domestic production was the foundation，it should further improve the system of grain subsidies and protect staple food self-sufficiency；the international trade was the addition to ensure the food safety through increasing imports，import channels and varieties，reducing single grain import market，and increasing the impact on the international grain market，Chinese funded enterprises and institutions should use funds and technical advantages to establish food base in overseas，improve the influence of the international grain market，and participate in the formulation of the rules of the international food trade by intergovernmental and non-governmental cooperation.