北京农民收入变化特点与促进增收的政策建议

RESEARCH ON CHARACTERISTICS OF THE CHANGE OF BEIJING FARMERS’ INCOME AND THE INCOME-BOOST POLICY

关键词:  北京 农民 增收 影响因素 政策

Key words:  farmer  income-boost  influencing factors  policy  Beijing

摘要:

党的十八大报告提出，到2020年我国城乡居民人均收入要比2010年翻一番，农民收入翻番是实现这一目标的重要组成部分。北京市2010年农民人均纯收入约1.3万元，如何在高起点上完成2.6万元翻番任务是目前亟待解决的问题。本文通过定量分析法、研讨法、文献法，梳理北京市“八五”以来的农民增收政策，得出在增收政策力度增大的情况下，农民收入的四个明显特征。一是收入水平增加明显， 1995～2014年收入增长6.3倍。二是结构变化明显，工资性收入的增收贡献率与人均纯收入的增长存在显著的正相关关系； 转移性收入在收入构成中的比重不断增加。三是区域差异明显，地区之间不平衡； 城市发展新区增速略高于其它两个功能区； 城乡居民收入差距持续扩大。四是内部差距明显，农民内部收入差距逐年拉大，收入分配不平等程度高于城镇。分析影响农民收入增长的因素时，得出农民存在自身素质局限性、收入来源狭窄性及收入支出失衡性的现实问题及社会保障、土地、财政、公共服务方面的制度问题。最后提出以加强政策可持续性、增强政策针对性、增进制度创新性为切入点，建立合理、有效、配套的农民增收政策体系，完成新形势下的收入倍增目标。

Abstract:

As mentioned in the report to the Eighteenth National Congress of the Communist Party of China，the average per capita income of urban rural residents is targeted to double in 2020 as compared with that in 2010.Therefore，doubling farmers’ income becomes an essential part of the target.Since rural residents′ average per capita net income has reached approximately RMB 13， 000 in 2010，doubling the income to reach the target of RMB 26， 000 on an already high basis has become an urgent issue for the government.Through quantitative analysis，seminar and document research，the essay examines the income boost policy implemented in Beijing after the 8th Five-Year Plan and concludes four noticeable characteristics of farmers’ income with increased enforcement intensity of the income-boost policy.The first characteristic is the significant increase in income level.The income has multiplied 6.3 times from 1995 to 2014.The second one is the obvious structural change.A positive correlation exists between contribution rate of wages to income increase and the growth of average per capita net income.Transfer income has played a more and more important part in the composition of income.The third one is the regional income difference and imbalance.The income growth rate in newly-developed areas in cities is slightly higher than that in the other two functional zones.And the urban-rural income gap has kept widening.The fourth characteristic is the significant internal difference.The internal income gap among farmers has widened year by year.The inequality of income distribution in farmers is more serious than that in urban residents.By analyzing the influencing factors which affect farmers′ income growth，such realistic problems（limitation of the quality of farmers，narrow and limited sources of income and imbalance between income and expenditure）and institutional problems（social welfare，land，finance and public service）can be concluded.In the final part of the essay，it suggests a reasonable，effective and supporting farmer income boost policy system，which prioritizes in improving the sustainability of policy，making the policy more targeted and enhancing the innovativeness of institution，so as to achieve the target of doubling income in new situations.