日本与欧美农业环境支持政策对中国的启示

INSPIRATION OF AGRICULTURAL ENVIRONMENT SUPPORT POLICIES OF JAPAN, EU AND AMERICA TO CHINA

关键词:  日本 农业环境政策 GAP 有机农业 食品安全

Key words:  Japan  agricultural environment policy  GAP  organic agriculture  food safety

摘要:

农业政策中与环境相关的支付政策越来越多。发达国家将WTO绿箱政策、农业直接支付政策与农业环境支持政策结合起来，这样既可以从根本上解决农业生产所带来的安全问题，也可以加深消费者对相关政策的理解与支持，同时从产业链的上游解决食品安全及农业的可持续发展问题。欧盟的Greening政策和日本实施的农业直接支付政策均以农户遵守农药化肥及农业废弃物处理的相关规范为前提，通过合理使用肥料及各种防治措施从不同程度上达到农业可持续发展、农业的多功能性及降低温室气体排放的目的，并由此获取政府的支持。文章通过对发达国家，特别是与中国农业形态类似的日本农业环境政策取向的分析及与欧美相关政策比较分析，认为中国首先应该完善循环农业的相关法律法规和标准，加强对农民的培训以及明确其应遵守的基本义务，对采取环境友好型农业生产方式的农民给予支持。

Abstract:

More and more payment policies related to environment have emerged in agricultural policy. The WTO green box policy, agricultural direct payment policy and agricultural environment support policy are combined to solve security issues of agricultural production in developed countries, which can also enhance the consumers′ understanding and support of relevant policy while solving the problems of food security and agricultural sustainable development from the upstream of industrial chain. Greening policy of EU and agricultural direct payment policy of Japan are implemented on the premise that farmers comply with relevant regulations for the use of pesticide and fertilizer and the disposal of agricultural wastes. On this basis, sustainable agricultural development, agricultural multi-functionality and greenhouse gas emissions reduction will be realized to varying degrees, thus gaining the support from government. This paper analyzed the orientation of agricultural environment policy in developed countries, especially in Japan whose agriculture is similar to Chinese agriculture. In addition, it compared the difference between Japan′s agricultural policies and those of Europe and America. This paper believed that China should improve the laws and regulations for circular agriculture, strengthen the training of farmers, clearly define their basic obligation, and provide support for the farmers who adopt environmentally friendly mode of agricultural production.