河南省农业面源污染成因分析

ANALYSIS OF AGRICULTURAL NON-POINT SOURCE POLLUTION-TAKING HENAN PROVINCE AS AN EXAMPLE

关键词:  河南省 农业 面源污染 经济原因 农药和化肥

Key words:  Henan province  agriculture non-point source pollution  economic reasons  pesticides and fertilizers

摘要:

近年来，农业面源污染给我国农村生态环境造成了一定的破坏，挖掘农业面源污染的成因及问题对今后农业面源污染的治理具有重要意义。文章以河南省为探讨对象，首先阐述了农业面源污染含义及主要特点。利用文献分析和统计方法对河南省农业化学品投入使用及污染情况进行分析， 2007～2014年河南省化肥及农药产量和使用量均呈上涨趋势，污染面积及范围进一步扩大，面源污染的主要来源是化肥、农药、秸秆及生活垃圾。而人口快速增长、经济利益驱使、政策方面不健全是造成农业面源污染主要原因。该文认为，解决农业面源污染应从推广减量技术，积极发展有机（生态）农业； 提高思想认识，树立科学农业发展理念； 大力推广精准农业，减轻面源污染程度； 建立健全环境法规，完善政策及管理体系等4个方面入手，以期为其他地区农业面源污染治理提供借鉴和参考。

Abstract:

In recent years, the agricultural non-point source pollution has caused some damage to China′s rural ecological environment, and hence understanding the cause and problems of agricultural non-point source pollution has very great significance to the management of the agricultural non-point source pollution. In this study, Henan Province was took as the object of study. Firstly, the meaning and characteristics of agricultural non-point source pollution was expounded. The literature analysis and statistical was used to analyze the use of agricultural chemicals and pollution situation in Henan province from 2007 to 2014. The usage amount and production of fertilizer and pesticide showed a rising trend, and the scope of the pollution area was further expanded. The source of non-point source pollution was mainly from the chemical fertilizers, pesticides, straw and garbage. And the rapid growth of population, economic interests, and not perfect policy were the main causes of agricultural non-point source pollution. Finally, it put forward some countermeasures to solve the agricultural non-point source pollution, such as to extend the generalization decrement technique, actively develop organic ecological agriculture; to establish a scientific concept in agricultural development; vigorously promote the precision agriculture and reduce non-point source pollution degree; to establish a sound environmental regulations, improve the policies and the management system and so on. This will provide some useful references for agricultural non-point source pollution control in other regions.