河南省耕地与基本农田保护态势及对策研究

SITUATION AND COUNTERMEASURES OF THE CULTIVATED LAND AND BASIC FARMLAND PROTECTION IN HENAN PROVINCE

关键词:  基本农田区 耕地资源 整理复垦 河南省 保护水平

Key words:  basic farmland area  cultivated land Resources  reclamation  Henan province  protection level

摘要:

加强耕地和基本农田的保护对保证国家粮食安全，全面建成小康社会具有重大意义。文章运用文献分析和实际调研的研究方法，对耕地和基本农田从数量保护、质量保护、环境保护等3个方面阐述了内涵，并对河南省耕地及基本农田的保护现状和耕地资源动态变化进行了深入分析。结果表明，河南省耕地数量占有量较大，基本农田保护率较高，平均保护率达到85%以上； 同时存在河南省耕地总体质量较低，人地矛盾突出； 土地复垦整理难度大； 建设用地占用优质耕地，供给压力突出； 灾毁耕地不断发生，土地生态环境面临威胁等农田保护瓶颈问题。该文根据河南省耕地及基本农田保护态势及问题提出了通过完善耕地保护机制，科学合理划分农田保护区域； 建立基本农田法律法规体系； 损失补偿相关制度等措施，以期提高耕地和基本农田的治理能力和保护水平。

Abstract:

Strengthening the protection of arable land and basic farmland is useful for ensuring national food security, and can benefit for building a moderately prosperous society. In this paper, the method of literature analysis and practical research were used to describe the concepts of arable land and basic farmland , meanwhile the connotation of cultivated land and basic farmland were expounded from the quantity protection, quality protection, environmental protection, and so on. Moreover, the arable land, the protection of basic farmland, and the dynamic change of the cultivated land in Henan province were analyzed. The results showed that: the amount of cultivated land in Henan province was large with a high rate, 85% of basic farmland protection. However, there were some bottlenecks in the protection of the basic farmland, for example,the overall quality of arable land in Henan province was lower than that in other provinces, the contradiction between people and land was highlighted; land reclamation was difficult, the high-quality arable land were occupied by construction, arable land was destroyed by disasters, and the ecological environment was threated. To solve these problems, some methods were put forward to improve the level of governance and protection of arable land and basic farmland, such as improving farmland protection mechanism, scientifically delineating farmland protection areas, establishing and improving the basic farmland compensation system, and perfecting a sound legal system to protect basic farmland.