吉林省农民专业合作社的融资问题研究

THE FINANCING PROBLEMS OF FARMERS' PROFESSIONAL COOPERATIVES IN JILIN PROVINCE

关键词:  农民专业合作 社融 资解释结构模型（ISM）信用 金融创新

Key words:  farmer specialized cooperative  finance explanation structure model (ISM)  credit  finance innovation

摘要:

农民专业合作社在国家政策支持下得到了快速发展，然而资金紧缺成为制约其发展的瓶颈。文章以吉林省农民专业合作社为例对其融资问题展开研究，针对吉林省农民专业合作社的发展现状，从资本构成、债务来源、融资困难程度等3个方面对融资现状进行分析，发现目前吉林省农民合作社债务融资比例较低，且民间融资成为其主要融资来源，多数合作社存在不同程度的融资困难。并选取影响农民专业合作社融资问题的合作社盈利能力、合作社抗风险能力、合作社管理机制、信用状况、涉农金融机构信贷倾向、涉农金融机构创新能力和政府政策等7个变量建立解释结构模型（ISM），最终得出信用状况和金融机构的创新能力是影响合作社融资的根本原因，合作社的盈利能力和涉农金融机构的信贷倾向是表层原因，合作社的抗风险能力、管理机制和政府政策则是通过底层信用状况和涉农金融机构的创新能力传导到表层。针对合作社融资难，该文从合作社、涉农金融机构、当地政府等方面，提出相应对策与建议。

Abstract:

Farmers' professional cooperative has been rapid developed under the support of national policy, but the shortage of funds has become a bottleneck restricting the development of the farmer cooperatives in Jilin province. This paper first introduced the development of farmer cooperatives in Jilin province, and then analyzed the financing situation from three aspects of capital structure, debt sources, and the difficulty of finance. It found that the current farmers' cooperatives debt financing in Jilin province was relatively low, private financing had become the main source, most cooperatives had financing difficulties. it established the interpretation structure model (ISM) by selecting 7 variables, i.e., the profitability of cooperatives financing of farmer cooperatives, cooperatives, anti risk ability, cooperative management mechanism, credit status, credit tendency of agriculture related financial institutions, agricultural innovation ability of financial institutions and government policy. The credit status and the innovation ability of financial institutions were the main reasons influencing the financing of cooperatives. The profitability of cooperatives and the tendency of financial institutions credit were outside reasons. Anti-risk ability, management mechanism and government policy can influence the financing. From the three aspects of agricultural cooperatives, financial institutions and the government, it put forward some related countermeasures and suggestions.