目前农村土地适度规模经营的任务与实现途径探讨

DISCUSSION ON THE TARGET AND WAY OF THE LAND MODERATE LARGE-SCALE MANAGEMENT

关键词:  农业经济学 规模经营 土地流转 阶段目标 第三轮承包

Key words:  agricultural economics  the land moderate large-scale management  land transfer  stage goal  the third land management

摘要:

实现土地适度规模经营是我国当前农业发展的重大问题之一。根据我国30年来人地关系变迁的历史和未来人口城市化高峰期农村人地关系发展的初步展望，并借鉴日本、韩国的历史，提出土地经营规模扩大是一个长期的任务，可预见的未来，我国农村土地规模经营可以户均土地10～15hm2的规模为参考目标，户均土地规模扩大2~3倍，发展中等规模农户（即新中农），实现初步适度规模经营。提出了因年老和残疾失去经营能力和向外迁移的承包农户退出农业承包经营的规模扩大机制，向退出土地农户的财政赎买土地，以及2027年第三轮承包重新发包的适度规模扩大途径。最后，指出了实现土地适度规模经营的保障措施。

Abstract:

The land moderate large-scale management is the direction of the agricultural development in China. This paper analyzed the aims of agricultural land moderate scale management and the way to achieve moderate scale according macroeconomic theory. Methods of comparative study and logical analysis were adopted. The results showed that according to the population-land relation in the past 30 years and the next 20 years, and the experiences of Japan, South Korea and France, the expanding of land management scale was a long-term process, and the land scale should be 1.0~1.5 hm2 to achieve a preliminary moderate scale management. Terminating the land contract of aged, disability and migrant, purchasing the land by government, and enhancing the third land transfer were essential ways to expand land scale. At last, the guarantee of achieving the land scale target was put forward.