土地利用景观格局动态效应分析——以长春市为例

ANALYSIS OF DYNAMIC EFFECTS OF LAND-UTILIZATIONL ANDSCAPE PATTERNS——A CASE STUDY IN CHANGCHUN CITY

关键词:  动态效应景观格局斑块类型景观水平长春市

Key words:  dynamic effect  landscape pattern  patch type  landscape level  Changchun city

摘要:

文章基于Rrcgis100和 Fragstats34软件，以长春市1984年、2014年土地利用调查数据为主数据，采用景观空间格局的分析方法，从斑块类型水平、景观水平等2个方向分析了该研究区近30年各土地利用景观空间格局动态变化。结果表明：（1）该研究区以耕地为景观基地，林地和未利用地面积减少，耕地、建设用地、交通运输用地和水域面积增加，各土地利用类型间发生了复杂的双向变化，林地低于全国平均水平，土地利用结构不合理； （2）不同的景观指数对于土地利用类型动态效应的敏感性不同，其中最敏感的指数有斑块面积百分比和最大斑块指数，其次是斑块个数和平均形状指数，最不敏感的景观指数为散布与并列指数； （3）整体景观水平上，该研究区的景观多样性增加，破碎度增加，连通性降低，分布趋向分散，除斑块密度外，其他景观指数的动态效应不敏感。并提出合理规划建设用地，限制建设用地的扩展，坚持实施退耕还林、还草政策等建议，以期为区域可持续发展提供有力的科学依据。

Abstract:

Based on the software Rrcgis10.0 and Fragstats3.4, the data of land use survey in Changchun city from 1984 and 2014 were collected, the method of landscape spatial pattern analysis were adopted to analyze the spatial patterns and dynamic changeof land use landscape for nearly 30 years from two directions such as patch type level and landscape level. The results showed that: (1) taking arable land as the base of the landscape, woodland and unused land area reduced, the cultivated land, construction land, transportation land and water land increased.The land use types had a complex two-way change.The woodland was below the national average. (2) the sensitivity of different landscape indices for land use type dynamic effect was different, the most sensitive index was the percentage of plaque area and the largest patch index, followed by the number of patches and the average shape index, the most insensitive landscape index was the interspersion and juxtaposition index. (3) the overall level of landscape in the study area was that the landscape diversity increased, fragmentation increased, connectivity decreased, and the distribution scattered. The landscape indices,except the patch density index, were not sensitive to the dynamic effect.