土地整治促进家庭农场适度规模经营研究——基于伊犁州和塔城地区调研

PROMOTION OF LAND CONSOLIDATION——BASED ON YILI AND TACHENG SURVEY

关键词:  土地整治 家庭农场 规模经营 伊犁 塔城

Key words:  land remediation  family farms  the scale of operation  Yili  Tacheng

摘要:

土地整治已成为坚守耕地红线、改善耕地质量、促进家庭农场适度规模经营、推进农业供给侧结构性改革的关键切入点。文章的研究目的在于系统地分析伊犁州和塔城地区国家重大土地开发整理项目对促进现代家庭农场适度规模经营发展的现状、风险以及存在的困境，并为今后土地整治项目区家庭农场的适度规模经营和科学管理提供有益的借鉴和参考。研究方法主要运用问卷调查法、统计分析法和对比法分析法。结果表明，土地整治后项目区耕作条件、耕作方式和耕作水平有较大程度地提高，大量劳动力节省的同时促进了农户大幅增收，家庭农场规模经营模式多样化；土地整治项目区耕地流转价格大幅上涨，流转方式呈现多元化，农户的流转意愿有很大程度的提高；农户对整治后农场规模经营的满意度较高，但也面临一定程度的风险和困难。得出以下结论，家庭农场经营面临着农产品市场价格的不稳定波动；当地政府的补贴力度较弱，补贴资金缺少相关的审计和监察；土地整治的立项审批复杂，工程设计、监管及后期管护存在一定的疏漏 ；土地流转方式不合理，经营农场的投资资金来源有限；农户的文化程度普遍较低等方面的困境。在此基础上，本文最后提出了建立和完善全国统一的农产品价格的动态实时监测体系，设立农产品价格的合理波动区间；加大当地政府补贴力度和采取差别化的激励措施；适当延长土地流转年限；长期加强农业技术培训；“因地制宜”发展农场适度规模，注重完善和配套基本的农业社会化服务体系等方面的改革措施。

Abstract:

Land consolidation has become the key point to stick to the red line of cultivated land, improve the quality of arable land, promote the appropriate scale management of family farms, and promote the structural reform of agricultural supply side. The purpose of this paper is to systematically analyze the development status quo, risks and existent predicaments of the national major land development and consolidation projects, and to promote the development of modern family farms moderate scale operation in Yili and Tacheng area, so as to provide a useful example and reference for the land remediation project area family farm scale operation and scientific management in the future. The main research methods were questionnaire survey, statistical analysis and comparative analysis. The results showed that the improvement of cultivation condition, farming methods and level saved a large number of labor and promoted the farmers′ income, the family farm moderate scale management mode was diversified in the land consolidation project area; The price of farmland transfer increased significantly, and the circulation mode was diversified, and the farmers′ willingness to transfer greatly improved. The farmers′ satisfaction with the scale operation of the farm was higher after remediation. However, there were some challenges and difficulties, for example, the family farm business faced with unstable fluctuations in market prices of agricultural products; local government subsidies was weak and lacked of relevant audit and supervision; the examination and approval of land remediation project was complicated; the land transfer mode was not reasonable, the source of investment funds of the management of the family farm was limited; farmers′ culture degree was generally low. Finally, it put forward some countermeasures such as establishing a unified national agricultural prices dynamic real-time monitoring system to ensure a reasonable agricultural price volatility, increasing the intensity of local government subsidies, strengthening agricultural technology training, and improving agriculture basic social service system.