城镇化背景下的农村剩余劳动力就业途径研究

EMPLOYMENT WAYS OF RURAL SURPLUS LABOR FORCE UNDER THE BACKGROUND OF URBANIZATION

关键词:  城镇化 农村剩余劳动力 就业途径 劳动力转移

Key words:  urbanization  rural surplus labor force  employment ways  labor transfer

摘要:

［目的］在国家为实现工业化和现代化而大力推行城镇化的背景下，农村剩余劳动力转移问题受到多种因素的影响，劳动力的就业问题层出不穷，亟待解决。［方法］文章以农村剩余劳动力的就业途径为研究对象，分析农村剩余劳动力就业面临的问题，剖析其就业影响因素与就业方式，并对促进农村剩余劳动力的就业提出建议。［结果］研究结果表明，我国农村剩余劳动力自身竞争力弱，且社会保障和劳动力市场机制不完善是目前农村剩余劳动力就业存在的主要问题；受教育程度、外出务工经历、年龄、求职成本是影响农村劳动力就业的主要因素；农村劳动力就业方式更倾向于通过亲人或朋友介绍。［结论］针对我国农村剩余劳动力就业现状，提出完善农村劳动力的培训管理机制、大力发展乡村特色生态旅游产业、加强就业服务体系建设、强化土地制度和户籍制度改革等建议。

Abstract:

Under the background of promoting urbanization vigorously, the transfer of rural surplus labor could be affected by various factors, and certainly have some problems. This paper studied the employment approach of rural surplus labor, described the problems which the rural surplus labor force were facing, analyzed the factors affecting the employment of rural labor force in the city, and then gave some recommendations for promoting the employment of rural labor force. The results showed that the competitiveness of China′s rural surplus labor was weak, the mechanism of social security and the labor market were imperfect, rural surplus labor forces were more inclined to go outside their hometown. Educational level, migrant experience, age, and job cost were the factors influencing rural labor force transferring into the city, and the rural labor forces were more inclined to be introduced by relatives or friends. It suggested that China should improve the management system of rural labor force training, develop rural eco-tourism industry, strengthen the employment service system, and reform the land system and household registration system.