农村居民的最低生活保障制度研究

STUDY ON MINIMUM LIVING SECURITY SYSTEM OF RURAL RESIDENTS

关键词:  农村居民 最低生活保障制度 低保对象 完善策略

Key words:  rural residents  minimum living security system  minimum target  perfect strategy

摘要:

［目的］通过总结现状及取得的成果，挖掘农村低保制度实施过程中存在问题并提出解决问题的政策性建议，以期为农村地区社会保障体系的建设、完善提供理论支持。［方法］文章基于统计年鉴与文献分析法，采取问卷、座谈、入户走访等方法，以低保享受家庭、低保管理人员及其他群众为调研对象，随机抽样了解最低生活保障制度在管理执行中存在的问题； 并基于各省的统计年鉴，统计分析各省的最低生活保障标准和人均医疗的差异性； 由此提出设置低保准入强制性条件、推行低保时限及渐退制度、开展低保专项治理工作等对策。［结果］北京、上海等发达城市的农村低保标准明显高于中西部欠发达地区，而同属于发达省份的广东省低保标准远低于北京、上海，主要原因是由广东省内部各地区贫富差距所引起的区域差异。各省市农村医疗标准差距不大，主要原因是物价指数、医价指数在全国范围内基本无差距。［结论］目前我国农村低保人数逐渐增加，农村低保补贴标准有了较大提高； 与此同时，我国最低生活保障制度也存在着农村贫困线较低、各省（市）低保标准差异较大、低保对象确定程序缺乏公开、公正性。

Abstract:

Minimum living security system of rural residents is a kind of special social relief system that maintains residents′ basic survival. The aim of this paper is to provide a reference for the construction of rural social security systemand perfect the rural social security system. Based on the research methods of statistical yearbook and literature analysis, this paper analyzed the situation and the status quo of rural residents′ minimum living security system, and put forward some countermeasures such as setting mandatory condition, adopting the system of limitedtime and fade away, and implementing specific management. The results showed thatthe standard of rural residents in the developed cities such as Beijing, Shanghai,was significantly higher than that in the central and western underdeveloped areas.The standard inGuangdong province was far lower than the developed provinces due to the internal regional gap between rich and poor.The rural medical standard gap in provinces was not big because of the same nationwide basic medical price index. It concluded that with the increaseof the number of rural residents, the rural residents′ subsidies standards had been improved greatly. Meanwhile, there were some problems in the life guarantee system in our country, such as low rural poverty line, different standards amongthe provinces (municipalities), lack of openness and impartiality.