农业水价效应研究进展

RESEARCH PROGRESS ON THE EFFECT OF AGRICULTURAL WATER PRICE

关键词:  农业水价 综合改革 农业生产 农民收入 效应

Key words:  agriculture water price  comprehensive reform  agricultural production  farmers′ income  effect

摘要:

［目的］中国是农业大国，也是灌溉大国，农业水价的变化对农业影响较大。文章阐述了国内外农业水价效应的研究进展。［方法］农业水价效用是指农民在消费水资源时对农业水价的满足程度，由于农业用水是准公共物品，具有明显的外部性，农业水价效用体现在水价变化对农户用水行为的引导以及由此导致的节水技术采用，种植结构调整等生产方式方面的改变、以及对农民收入影响及思想观念方面的作用等。［结果］国内主要通过需求弹性等方法分析了农业水价变化对农业节水、农业生产、农民收入、粮食安全等方面的影响，国外专家通过建立数学模型分析农业水价对农户行为、经济价值及管理体制的变化。［结论］该文探讨了农业水价效应研究存在的问题，即农业水价效应宏观性不足、研究缺乏完善指标体系、水价效应滞后性关注不足。提出了农业水价效应研究发展趋势：（1）拓展视角，从宏观角度观察； （2）建立完善的农业水价效应评价指标体系； （3）结合改革，关注农业水价长期效应。

Abstract:

China is a large agricultural country. The change of agricultural water price has a great influence on agriculture. Agricultural water as a kind of quasi-public product has obvious externality in economic activities. The water price can change the farm households′ irrigation behaviors, the application of water-saving technologies, and planting structure. This paper reviewed the research progress on the agricultural water price effect in domestic and abroad. Using demand elasticity methods, domestic researches mainly focused on the influence of agricultural water price on agriculture water-saving, agricultural production, farmers′ income, food security, and so on. Foreign experts mainly built models to analyze the changes of agricultural water price on farmers′ behaviors, economic value and management systems. The main problems in this research field included that the research of agricultural water price effect was insufficient, lacked appropriate index system, and people paid little attention to it. Finally, it discussed the research trend in the future, including using macroscopic perspectives to expand the visual angle, establishing a perfect agricultural water price effect evaluation index system, and paying attention to long-term effects of agricultural water price.