土地经营规模对农户种粮收入的影响分析——以吉林省公主岭市为例

IMPACT OF LAND MANAGEMENT ON THE GRAIN FARMERS′ INCOME——A CASE OF GONGZHULING CITY OF JILIN PROVINCE

关键词:  土地经营规模 农户种粮收入 多元线性回归模型 适度规模经营 公主岭市

Key words:  land operation scale  income of grains  multiple linear regression model  appropriate scale opera  Gongzhuling city

摘要:

土地是财富之母，土地作为农民进行农业生产的基本生产资料，是农民收入来源的重要依托。家庭联产承包责任制实施至今虽然取得很大成就，但是以家庭经营为主的传统经营方式弊端日益显现，农民种粮收入难以实现有效增长。［目的］为了达到农村土地适度规模经营，调整农村产业结构、促进农民增收、加快小城镇建设等目的。［方法］通过选取产粮大县公主岭市为研究对象，利用实地调研数据对不同土地经营规模下的种粮成本及利润水平进行比较，并运用C-D生产函数对数据进行多元线性回归分析。［结果］从种植成本来看， 5~20hm2中等经营规模投入的综合成本低于5hm2以下小规模和20hm2以上大规模经营； 从利润来看， 5~20hm2中等经营规模无论是自有承包地还是转包地所获得的每667m2平均利润均高于小规模和大规模的经营规模。［结论］公主岭市农户土地经营面积为5~20hm2的中规模优于其他土地经营规模。同时运用多元线性回归模型分析其对农户种粮收入的影响程度，进一步证实土地经营规模对农民种粮收入具有积极促进作用。从而提出推进公主岭市土地适度规模经营的对策建议。

Abstract:

Land is the mother of the wealth. As the basic production material of agricultural production, land is the important support of the farmer’s income. Since 1978, the household contract responsibility system has made great achievements .However, the household contract management system still has a number of problems, and can not meet the requirements of establishing a modern agriculture. In the rural areas, moderate scale management can not only adjust the rural industrial structure, but also increase the income of the farmers, which has an important role in speeding up the construction of small towns. In order to determine the appropriate scale of land for farmers in Gongzhuling city, this paper compared the farmer planting cost and profit levels in different scale land management such as small scale, medium scale and large scale, by using the survey data obtained through field research. The results showed that in terms of planting costs, the comprehensive planting cost of medium scale with 5~20 hectares was very lower than the small scale of 5 hectares and the large-scale above 20 hectares. In term s of the unit average profit, whether the land was own contract or sub-contract, the average profits of medium scales 5~20 hectares were higher than the 5 hectares of small scale and above 20 hectares of large scale. It indicated that the scale of the land management area of 5~20 hectares was better than the 5 hectares of small scale and above 20 hectares of large scale. Based on the multiple linear regression model, it showed that the scale of land management had a positive effect on farmers′ income. Finally, some corresponding countermeasures and suggestions were proposed in order to promote the appropriate scale management of land in Gongzhuling city.