农村减贫效率及其空间差异研究——基于DEA-ESDA模型的分析

THE EFFICIENCY OF RURAL POVERTY REDUCTION AND ITS SPATIAL DISPARITIES——BASED ON THE DEA-ESDA MODEL

关键词:  减贫效率 数据包络分析（DEA） 探索性数据分析（ESDA） 农村 空间差异

Key words:  the efficiency of poverty reduction  Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA)  Exploratory Data Analysis (ESDA)  rural areas  spatial disparity

摘要:

［目的］通过对2011~2015年间全国以及各区域层面的农村减贫效率进行测度，探讨其空间差异及变化特征。［方法］文章采用投入导向的DEA-BCC模型测算农村减贫效率值，并借助探索性数据分析法（ESDA）对农村减贫效率的空间差异和变化展开分析。［结果］（1）我国农村减贫综合技术效率相对较低，未能充分挖掘现有资源投入的潜力，纯技术效率整体偏小是造成综合技术效率较低的重要原因； （2）省际农村减贫效率在2011~2015年整体呈现出先减后增的趋势，并表现出西高东低的阶梯形空间布局； （3）农村减贫的综合技术效率存在正自相关性，高高聚集的区域主要集中在西部地区，低低聚集区域呈现由东北向京津都市区移转的趋势； （4）减贫综合技术效率的热点区域主要集中在西北与西南两大区域，且具有较强的稳定性； 冷点区域主要分布在江西、安徽及东部沿海地区，较为稳定的冷点区域主要集中在东北及环渤海地区。［结论］我国农村减贫效率存在显著的空间异质性的特征，需要精准地识别出局部性致贫因素，因地制宜地制定出具有区域联动特点的空间扶贫开发策略。

Abstract:

By calculating the efficiency of rural poverty reduction from 2011 to 2015 under both national and regional levels, this paper calculated the efficiency value of rural poverty reduction based on the input-oriented DEA-BCC model, and analyzed the spatial disparities and changes of these values with Exploratory Data Analysis (ESDA). The results showed that: (1) The overall technical efficiency of China's rural poverty reduction was relatively low, it can't fully exploit the potential of current resource, and the low net technical efficiency caused the low level of the overall technical efficiency; (2) At the provincial level, the efficiency value of rural poverty reduction fell down first and increased later from 2011 to 2015,　and demonstrated a ladder-type spatial layout which was high in West but low in the East; (3) The overall technical efficiency values of China's rural poverty reduction were positively auto-correlated, and the regions of "High-High Cluster" mainly concentrated in the western areas, while the regions of "Low-Low Cluster" differed from the Northeast to Beijing-Tianjin metropolitan areas; (4) Hotspot regions of the overall technical efficiency values of China's rural poverty reduction mainly concentrated in the Northwest and Southwest areas, the cold spot regions mainly distributed in Jiangxi, Anhui and the eastern coastal areas, and the relatively stable cold spots mainly agglomerated in the Northeast and the Circum-Bohai Sea Region. Considering the salient spatial heterogeneity of China's efficiency of rural poverty reduction, policy implications should be put forward according to the poverty-driven factors locally and regional characteristics.