中国农业供给侧结构性改革探讨

DISCUSSION ON AGRICULTURAL SUPPLY SIDE REFORM IN CHINA

关键词:  农业 供给侧改革 产能 供给 需求

Key words:  agriculture  supply side reform  production capacity  supply  demand

摘要:

［目的］推进农业供给侧结构性改革，是解决我国农业主要矛盾，实现农业现代化的重要举措，该研究旨在寻找我国农业供给侧存在的问题，针对问题提出供给侧改革的思路和政策措施。［方法］文章运用供求平衡分析的方法，将我国农产品产量与平衡膳食条件下我国农产品需求量进行比较，进而确定我国农业供给侧存在问题。［结果］目前我国农业供给侧主要存在“三个过剩、两个不足”：玉米生产过剩； 蔬菜生产隐性过剩； 畜禽肉类生产阶段性过剩；高品质农产品供应不足；国产蛋白饲料和奶类等农产品供应不足。［结论］该文据此提出了“蓄产能、调结构、控产量、提质量”的供给侧改革总体思路以及加强农业生产预警和宏观调控、推进农产品目标价格改革、加强市场环境和农产品品牌建设、设定大豆进口规模上限等建议，推动我国农业供给侧结构性改革。

Abstract:

The reform on the supply side of agriculture is a strategic measure to solve the main contradiction in agriculture and realize agricultural modernization. The paper aimed to find the problem on the supply side of agriculture, and put forward the corresponding measures by comparing the demand and output of China's agricultural products output under balanced diet conditions. The results showed that there were five problems on the supply side of agriculture, i.e., the surplus of corn, the surplus of vegetable production, the stage of excess of livestock meat production, the short supply of the high quality agricultural products, and the shortage supply of China's protein feed and dairy. Finally, it put forward the overall thinking of reform and countermeasures, such as improving productivity, adjusting the structure, controlling the production, improving the quality of the agricultural products, strengthening the early warning and macro controlling of agricultural production, promoting the reform of the target price of agricultural products, and strengthening the market environment and the brand building of agricultural products, and so on.