粮食主产区水稻适度规模经营意愿影响因素研究——基于江西省7县428个水稻种植户的调查

INFLUENCING FACTORS OF AGRICULTURAL APPROPRIATE SCALE MANAGEMENT WILLINGNESS IN MAJOR GRAIN PRODUCING AREAS——BASED ON FIELD SURVEY DATA FROM 428 RICE PLANT FARMERS OF 7 COUNTIES IN JIANGXI PROVINCE

关键词:  水稻适度规模经营 意愿 影响因素 粮食主产区 江西

Key words:  agricultural appropriate scale management  willingness  influencing factors  major grain producing areas  Jiangxi

摘要:

［目的］农业适度规模经营是提高我国农业经营主体收入的最佳途径，是粮食主产区现代农业发展、维护国家粮食安全的现实选择。明晰粮食主产区农户水稻适度规模经营意愿水平，并深入考察其影响因素，对进一步提高水稻适度规模经营意愿、扩大土地经营规模具有重要的现实意义。［方法］基于江西省7县428个水稻种植户的实地调查数据，运用Logistic回归模型，借鉴柯布—道格拉斯生产函数，对粮食主产区水稻适度规模经营意愿影响因素进行了实证分析。［结果］（1）各县水稻适度规模经营意愿及其影响因素特征存在着一定差异，且它们之间具有较为密切的关系；（2）劳动力、土地、资金和其他因素对粮食主产区水稻适度规模经营意愿均具有显著影响，其中土地因素对水稻适度规模经营意愿影响最为显著，劳动力和资金因素具有较大影响，其他因素影响较小；（3）在引入模型的13个影响因素中，土地规模、土地流转和户主文化程度对水稻适度规模经营意愿影响最为显著，劳动力人数、融资难易程度和非农收入比例次之，户主年龄、人均收入和区域经济水平也有影响，而家庭生命周期、粮食补贴、农业技术培训和购买农业保险则没有对规模经营意愿产生显著影响。［结论］根据以上研究结果，从加快土地流转、提升农户素质、破解融资瓶颈和分区分类推进适度规模经营4个方面提出了相关对策，认为要加快土地流转，扩大土地经营规模，创造适度规模经营前提条件；加强教育培训力度，提高农户职业素养，培养适度规模经营职业队伍； 扩大融资渠道，改善粮食补贴模式，克服适度规模经营资金瓶颈；充分考虑地区差异，区分不同的地域类型，分区分类推进适度规模经营。

Abstract:

Moderate scale management of agriculture is the best way to improve the income of agricultural management main body in china, and　also a practical choice for the development of modern agriculture and maintenance of national food security in the main producing areas.It will be of great practical significance to further improve the willingness of moderate scale management and expand the scale of land management.Based on field survey data from 428 rice plant farmers of 7 counties in Jiangxi province, using the Logistic model and the production function of Ke Douglas, this paper empirically analyzed the influencing factors of appropriate scale management willingness in the main producing areas. The results showed that there were some differences in the willingness of moderate scale management and its influencing factors in each county. The factors, such as labor, land, and capital had a significant impact on the willingness of agricultural moderate scale management in the main grain producing areas, especially the land factor. For the 13 variables of the regression model, the factors such as land scale, land transfer and the education level of householder had the most significant impact on the willingness of agricultural moderate scale management, following by the number of family labor force, financing difficulty level and non-farm income ratio. In addition, age of　householder, per capita income and regional economic level had low significant impacts, and family life cycle, grain subsidy, agricultural technical training and agricultural insurance purchase has no significant impact. Finally, it put forward relevant policy suggestions from four angles of accelerating land transfer, improving the quality of farmers, cracking financing bottleneck and zoning classification to promote appropriate scale management, such as speeding up the land transfer, expanding the scale of land management, strengthening education and training efforts, improving farmers' professional quality, training moderate scale management professional team, expanding the financing channels, improving food subsidy model, overcoming the appropriate scale of operation of capital bottleneck, and so on.