基于ArcGIS的河南省土地利用变化特征研究

STUDY ON LAND USE CHANGE CHARACTERISTICS IN HENAN PROVINCE BASED ON ARCGIS SOFTWARE

关键词:  土地利用 空间布局 ArcGIS 动态度 河南省

Key words:  land use  space layout  ArcGIS  dynamic degree  Henan province

摘要:

［目的］以河南省为研究对象，分析2005~2010年河南省土地利用变化特征及其影响因素，为日后河南省合理利用各类土地资源提供思考和借鉴。［方法］主要采用数据分析法和文献研究法。查阅文献搜集2005~2010年河南省土地利用情况相关数据，通过ArcGIS 10.2软件，得到河南省土地利用变化特征。［结果］河南省的主要土地利用类型是耕地，2010年占河南省土地总面积的63.12%。2005~2010年，河南省的耕地转移面积最大，为5.0554万hm2。其次为水域用地，转移面积2.1848万hm2。草地转移面积最小，转移面积为2424hm2。水域用地动态度变化为749%，未利用地动态度变化为686%，耕地变化动态度最小，为0.48%。耕地主要向建设用地转移，转移面积为13.4031万hm2。林地主要向耕地转移，转移面积为1.617 4万hm2。未使用地主要向耕地和水域用地转移，转移面积分别为2568hm2和7673hm2。［结论］2005~2010年河南省土地利用格局发生了较大变化。耕地面积减少，建设用地面积增多。未利用地主要向耕地和水域用地转出。河南省单一土地利用动态度最大的水域用地，最小的是耕地。建议相关部门，依据各地地理条件、经济发展水平及土地利用中出现的问题，制定合理的政策和措施，促进土地利用健康发展。

Abstract:

Taking Henan province as the research object, this paper analyzed the characteristics of land use change and its influencing factors from 2005 to 2010, so as to provide a reference for the rational utilization of various land resources in Henan province. The data analysis and literature research were used to collected the data of the land use situation in Henan province from 2005 to 2010, and the original data were sorted and analyzed by ArcGIS10.2 software. Finally, the land use change characteristics of Henan were summarized. The results showed that from 2005 to 2010, the total area of cultivated land and forest land accounted for more than 83.00% of the total area in Henan province. The largest transferring area was arable land 50554 hm2, followed by the water area with the transferring area of 21848 hm2. The transferring area of grassland was the smallest 2424 hm2. The changes of land use degree, unused land use rate and cultivated land were 7.49%, 6.86%, and 0.48%, respectively. The cultivated land was mainly transferred to the construction land which was 134031 hm2. Forest land was mainly transferred to arable land with 16174 hm2. The unused land was mainly transferred to cultivated land and water land, with an area of 2568 hm2 and 7673 hm2, respectively. Unused land was mainly transferred to cultivated land. It suggested, according to local geographical conditions, the level of economic development, and land use problems, to develop reasonable policies and measures to promote the healthy development of land use.