基于Landsat的黄河口地区土地利用类型研究

STUDY ON LAND USE TYPES IN THE YELLOW RIVER ESTUARY BASED ON LANDSAT

关键词:  Landsat数据 黄河口 土地利用 分类解译 信息提取

Key words:  Landsat data  Yellow River Estuary  land use  classification interpretation  information extraction

摘要:

［目的］对黄河口地区的土地利用情况进行分类分析，为科学规划黄河口地区生态布局和进一步揭示人类与环境之间的发展关系及其相互影响提供理论依据。［方法］基于Landsat遥感数据利用3S技术对近20年来5景覆盖黄河口地区的卫星遥感数据进行解译分析，在科学制定分类标准基础上，结合目视解译和监督分类法提取研究区域内的土地利用类型，同时应用最小二乘法原理对各土地利用类型的变化趋势进行研究。［结果］近20年来，黄河口地区天然湿地和人工湿地的区域及面积均发生了不同程度的变化；黄河口地区滩涂湿地主要分布在东部区域和北部区域； 受河流改道等影响，黄河口地区东部滩涂湿地区域和面积均发生过明显改变；黄河口地区各土地利用类型中耕地面积占比最大，滩涂湿地面积占比次之，盐碱地面积占比最小；耕地、城镇及建设用地、裸地和盐碱地面积多年来均呈增长趋势，其中城镇及建设用地面积呈逐年递增趋势，其他各类土地利用面积呈不规则递增趋势； 湿地总面积呈减少趋势，其中除盐田及养殖池面积呈增长趋势外，其他湿地面积均呈减少趋势。［结论］黄河口地区受人类活动影响较大的各类土地利用面积变化率大，表明人类活动对土地利用面积变化的影响起主导作用。

Abstract:

The classification of the land use in the Yellow River Estuary area can provide a theoretical basis for the scientific planning of the ecological layout of the Yellow River Estuary area and the further disclosure of the relationship between human and the environment and its mutual influence. Based on the Landsat remote sensing data, 3S techniques were used to interpret and analyze the 5 images satellite remote sensing data covering the Yellow River Estuary in the recent 20 years. On the basis of the scientific classification criteria, combining with the visual interpretation and supervised classification, the types of land use in the study area were extracted. At the same time, the change trend of each land use type was studied by using the least square method. The results showed that the areas of the natural wetland and constructed wetlands in the Yellow River Estuary had changed in varying degrees in the past 20 years. The beach wetland of the Yellow River Estuary was mainly distributed in the eastern and northern regions. Due to the river diversion and so on, the region and area of the beach wetland in the eastern Yellow River Estuary changed significantly. The proportion of cultivated land in each land use type of the Yellow River Estuary area was the largest, followed by the beach wetland area and saline-alkali area. Cultivated land, urban and construction land, bare land and saline-alkali area showed an increasing trend over the years. The change rate of land use area was largely affected by human activities in the Yellow River Estuary, indicating that human activities played a leading role in the change of land use area.