干旱区内陆河流域农村居民点时空格局演变及影响因素

THE SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL PATTERNS OF RURAL SETTLEMENTS AND THE INFLUENCING FACTORS IN THE INLAND RIVER BASIN OF ARID REGION

关键词:  农村居民点 空间格局 演变 影响因素 石羊河流域

Key words:  rural settlements  spatial pattern  evolution  influence factors  Shiyang River Basin

摘要:

［目的］从宏观层面量化分析石羊河流域1987~2016年农村居民点空间分布格局、时空演变趋势、规模和形态结构，探究自然因素和社会经济因素对农村居民点分布变化的影响，以期为农村居民点整理提供参考依据。［方法］该文以1987年、2001年、2016年3期遥感影像目视解译提取的研究区农村居民点时空分布信息为数据源，并借助GIS空间统计分析技术、景观指数等研究方法。［结果］1987~2016年农村居民点整体空间分布格局未发生明显变化，呈低海拔、小坡度、近水系分布的空间特征，但局部集中趋势进一步加强，其中河流和城市周边是农村居民点集聚较明显的区域。农村居民点斑块复杂性减弱、破碎度降低，形态趋于规则，但由于斑块蔓延扩张引起的居民点斑块两极分化趋势加剧。农村居民点规模分异特征明显，呈小斑块高密度集聚与大斑块低密度分布的格局。［结论］石羊河流域农村居民点空间分布及演变是多种因素共同作用的结果，其中河流和地形对农村居民点分布变化的影响最为突出。

Abstract:

Rural settlement is the living place of peasants and the main landscape type in rural areas, which is an important component of population-land relationship research. The spatial and temporal pattern of rural settlement can provide practical significance for the achievement of urban and rural integration development and the promotion of new countryside construction. This paper analyzed the spatial distribution pattern of the rural settlements, the trend of spatial and temporal evolution, the scale and the morphological structure of the Shiyang River Basin in 1987, 2001 and 2016, and explored the impact of natural factors and the social and economic factors on the distribution and the change of the rural settlements, using the spatial and temporal distribution information of rural settlements which was extracted from Landsat TM/OLI and ETM+ remote sensing image in 1987, 2001 and 2016 by using visual interpretation as the data source, and using GIS spatial statistical analysis and landscape index and other research methods. The results indicated that: firstly, the spatial distribution pattern of rural settlements had not changed obviously during 1987~2016, with low altitude, small slope and near water resources, but the trend of local agglomeration was further strengthened, and the rivers and the cities' surroundings agglomerated the rural settlements. Secondly, the patch complexity of the residential area in the rural area was weakened and the fragmentation degree was reduced and the shape tended to be regular. However, due to the expand of patches, the difference trend of the plaque was intensified. Thirdly, the scale difference of rural settlements showed the obvious pattern of distribution of high density of small patches and low density of big patches. Lastly, the spatial and temporal distribution and evolution of the rural settlements in the Shiyang River Basin were mainly influenced by the rivers and terrain.