矿农复合区农户耕地利用集约度影响因素分析——以晋城市泽州县22个村为例

INFLUENCING FACTORS OF CULTIVATED LAND USE INTENSITY OF RURAL HUSEHOLDS IN COMPOSITE AREA OF ORE-AGRICULTURE——A CASE STUDY OF 22 TYPICAL VILLAGES IN ZEZHOU COUNTY OF JINCHENG CITY

关键词:  矿农复合区 耕地利用集约度 mlogit模型 影响因素 泽州县

Key words:  ore-agriculture zone  cultivated land use intensity  mlogit model  influencing factors  Zezhou county

摘要:

［目的］矿农复合区耕地利用方式关系区域生态经济可持续发展，分析不同生计类型农户耕地集约利用水平及影响因素对协调区域人—地矛盾、提高耕地资源利用率和推进土地有序流转具有现实意义。［方法］以晋城市泽州县长河流域22个村为研究区，基于385份有效农户问卷，选用mlogit多值选择模型分析影响矿农复合区农户耕地集约度的因素。［结果］矿农复合区不同农户类型的耕地利用集约度及其内部结构存在较大差异，基本呈现人力资产型>矿农复合型>自然资产型>基本型>缺失型的规律。制约耕地利用集约度的因素包括农户家庭土地资源禀赋、劳动力状况和采煤土地损毁情况，政策因素对其影响不显著。［结论］应加大对缺失型和基础型农户的土地修复补偿费，加快健全土地流转市场，形成以发展型农户为主体的家庭农场，进而提高农民农业生产积极性和耕地利用集约度。

Abstract:

In recent years, with the development of economy and non-agricultural construction land, the contradiction between the limited land resources and the growing demand for agricultural products has become increasingly prominent. Intensive utilization of cultivated land resources has become an important way for China to coordinate economic development and cultivated land protection. Specifically, cultivated land utilization has influenced the sustainable development of ecology and economy in ore-agriculture zones. Coal mining brings economic benefits to local people, but also causes ecological problems, especially land destruction. This paper analyzed the cultivated land use intensity and its influencing factors in ore-agriculture zone. Based on 385 valid semi-structured interviews of households in 22 typical villages in Changhe Basin of Jincheng City, the mlogit model was adopted to quantitatively study influencing factors of land use intensity of households with different livelihood strategies. The cultivated land use intensity was calculated according to the measurement of value (including money, labor, and other factors) based on households' scale. The Jenks method was used to classify the cultivated land use intensity into four categories: high intensive use, moderate intensive use, low intensive use, extensive use. The results showed that: there were great differences in cultivated land use intensity among households with different livelihood strategies. The regular pattern of intensive use of cultivated land for different farmers in ore-agriculture area showed as follow: III-2 (human assets type household) >III-3 (ore-agriculture composite type household) >III-1 (natural assets type household) >II (basic type household) >I (missing type household). The constraints of cultivated land use intensity included the family land resource endowment (farmland fragmentation, farmland area per person), the situation of labor force(labor opportunity cost of farming, ownership of agricultural machinery) and land damage degree(the ratio of subsided land to arable land, the ratio of industrial and mining wasteland to arable land) due to coal mining. However, political factors, such as the subsidies of farmland restoration, projects that relocate people from coal mining villages had no significant effects on cultivated land use intensity. Therefore, the government should increase the land compensation for missing and basic type households because the households lack capital and technology to repair damaged land, accelerate the establishment of the land circulation market, and establish family farms owned by developing type households as the main body to improve the enthusiasm of farmers and improve arable land use intensity.