自然保护区建立对农村居民生计影响研究——基于福建武夷山国家级自然保护区272户区内居民调研

THE INFLUENCE OF ESTABLISHING THE NATURE RESERVE ON RESIDENTS LIVELIHOOD——BASED ON INVESTIGATIONS OF 272 RESIDENTS IN WUYISHAN NATIONAL NATURE RESERVE OF FUJIAN PROVINCE

关键词:  自然保护区 区内居民 生计 问卷调查 武夷山

Key words:  nature reserve  residents in the area  livelihood  questionnaire investigation  Wuyishan

摘要:

［目的］为了解决自然保护区的资源环境保护与区内居民的可持续生计问题，如何处理自然保护区资源环境保护和区内居民生计之间的关系，是当前学术界关注的问题。［方法］利用“福建武夷山国家级自然保护区建设对区内居民生计影响”专题调研的272份问卷，实证研究了自然保护区建设对区内居民生计的影响。［结果］福建武夷山国家级自然保护区建设对区内居民生计的影响具有双重性，其中有利影响体现在通过发展旅游增加区内居民收入、为区内居民寻找替代产业和能源、对区内居民生计提供政策扶持等方面； 不利影响表现为限制资源利用、野生动物肇事、旅游收入分配不均、忽视居民利益等方面。区内居民生计面临问题有缺少资金、缺乏生计技能、生计方式简单、缺乏生态补偿制度。［结论］建立福建武夷山国家级自然保护区限制了区内居民对自然资源的利用，制约了社区经济的发展，使区内居民收入减少，生活压力增大，影响了区内居民生计。并对此提出3点建议：（1）加强区内居民生计技能培训；（2）寻找合理的区内居民替代生计；（3）完善生态补偿制度。

Abstract:

In order to protect the environment and resources in Natural Reserve areas and to keep the sustainable livelihood of residents in the area, it is essential to balance the relations between resources environment protection and residents' livelihoods. By collecting results from 272 questionnaires, this paper analyzed the influence of the construction of Wuyishan national nature reserve on the livelihoods of residents in the area. The results showed that the beneficial effects included increasing the income of residents in the area through the development of tourism, alternative industries and energy, and providing policy support for the livelihood of residents in the area. However, there were some drawbacks such as restricted resource utilization, wildlife accidents, uneven distribution of tourism income, ignoring the interests of residents in the area. The livelihood of residents in the area had some problems such as lack of funds, livelihood skills, simple means of livelihood and ecological compensation system. The establishment of Wuyishan national nature reserve in Fujian restricted the utilization of the natural resources and the development of the community economy, reduced the income of the residents in the area, increased the living pressure and affected the livelihood of the residents in the area. Finally, it put forward three suggestions: (1) strengthening the residents in the area of livelihood skills training; (2) finding a reasonable alternative livelihood for residents in the area; (3) improving the system of ecological compensation.