平原农区空心村典型土壤的压实程度及利用导向——以山东省禹城市为例

THE COMPACTION DEGREE AND UTILIZATION PROGRAM OF TYPICAL SOILS IN HOLLOWED VILLAGES OF TRADITIONAL AGRICULTURAL ZONES——TAKING YUCHENG CITY, SHANDONG PROVINCE AS AN EXAMPLE

关键词:  空心村 压实土体 校正系数 分级标准 资源化

Key words:  hollowing village  compaction soil  correction coefficient  classification standard  resource utilization

摘要:

［目的］空心村整治是一项涉及规划设计、社区建设、土地复垦等诸多内容的系统工程。充分利用空心村内各类表土和建筑垃圾进行精准复垦实现土体有机重构和耕地快速熟化，是空心村整治的关键技术之一。以典型空心村内不同类型土体为例，分别测定其容重和含水量，建立土壤压实程度分级标准，明确不同利用类型土体的压实等级，进而探讨不同压实等级土体的改良措施及资源化利用途径。［方法］采用环刀法取样测定土壤容重和含水量，基于文献研阅和数据分析提出土壤压实指数及压实程度分级标准。［结果］（1）普通农田、院落农地与林地表土压实程度相对较低，压实等级为Ⅱ级，可直接作为耕层土壤；（2）院落实土与复垦农田压实程度略高，压实等级为Ⅲ级，经深耕翻土等改良措施后即可作为耕层土壤；（3）晾晒场院与土墙墙体压实程度较高，压实等级为Ⅳ级，也可改良后作为耕层土壤，但需综合措施且需经1~2年的时间改良；（4）村内道路与房基实土压实等级最大为V级，应优先作为复垦时的垫层使用，若当地土壤资源匮乏，也可作为耕层土壤，但需经过2~3年的改良，时间和经济成本相对较高。［结论］文章研究成果可为空心村不同压实程度土体的资源化利用及复垦土壤快速熟化提供科学参考，对于城乡发展转型背景下空心村综合整治、新农村建设以及农业现代化具有重要实践意义。

Abstract:

Land consolidation of hollowing village is a systematic project involving many contents like planning and design, community constructs, land reclamation and so on. One of the key technologies of land consolidation of hollowing village is making most use of various topsoil and construction wastes to achieve land organic refactoring and cropland soil-ripening. Under the investigation on different types of soil in typical hollowing village, this study analyzed the bulk density and moisture content, established soil compaction degree classification standard, and divided the compaction degree of different types of soil, respectively. And then it explored the improvement measures of different soil compaction degree and the way of resource utilization. The main results showed as follows: (1) The compaction degree of common farmland, courtyard farmland and woodland topsoil was relatively low at the level II, so it can be used as farmland directly. (2) The compaction degree of courtyard soil and reclaimed farmland was a slightly high at the level III, it can be used as farmland after taking some soil improvement measures like deep plough. (3) The compaction degree of sunning grounds and clay wall soil was high at the level IV, after comprehensive improvement measures one or two years, it also can be used as farmland. (4) The compaction degree of village roads and foundation soil was the highest at the level V, which should be used as the cushion of reclamation preferentially. The results can provide scientific reference for resource utilization of different compaction soils in hollowing village and quick soil-ripening of reclamation soil.