四川省水稻产投特征变迁及技术进步对单产的影响

THE CHANGE OF RICE INPUT-OUTPUT CHARACTERISTIC AND INFLUENCE OF TECHNICAL PROGRESS ON RICE YIELD IN SICHUAN PROVINCE

关键词:  产投特征 变迁 水稻单产 技术进步 贡献率

Key words:  input-output characteristic  variation  rice yield per unit  technical progress  contribution rate

摘要:

［目的］了解四川水稻产投特征和技术进步对单产的影响，促进水稻可持续生产。［方法］分析了改革开放以来四川省水稻产投特征和技术特征变动，并基于索洛余值法测算了1980~2015年四川省科技进步对水稻单产的贡献情况。［结果］（1）全省水稻单产水平及物质与服务费用投入均呈现波动增长趋势，人工投入逐年递减，但人工成本在生产成本中的比重较大；（2）四川省水稻品种选育、栽培管理技术、推广技术、稻作经营方式和农业政策不断变迁，更适应当前以普通家庭生产和新型经营主体共同发展的局面对技术的需求；（3）整体来看，近36年技术进步对四川省水稻单产水平提高的贡献率较低，生产经营较为粗放；（4）分时期看， 2005年前，技术进步对全省水稻单产水平提高的贡献率较高，但之后尤其是近5年，技术进步并未对水稻单产水平提高产生影响，要素投入是水稻单产水平提升的主要因素。［结论］提出了加强科技研发及投入水平、“一主多元”联合推广、生产管理技术培训和丘区节本增效生产的政策建议。

Abstract:

This paper analyzed the rice input-output characteristic and impact of technical progress on rice yield, calculated the contribution of technical progress to rice yield in 1980~2015 based on Solow method, so as to promote the sustainable rice production in Sichuan province. The result showed that: (1) Rice yield and input of material and service costs in Sichuan province showed a fluctuate increase, and input of labor showed a gradual decrease. But the labor cost was still a large proportion in rice production cost. (2) The technical condition including new rice varieties, cultivation and management technique, technical extension, operating mode and agricultural policy made great progress, which adapted to the need of traditional rural household and new rice producer. (3) The contribution of technical progress to rice yield was still low in last 36 years, so rice cultivation was still extensive. (4) The contribution of technical progress to rice yield before 2005 was high. But it became quite weak in last 10 years, especially in last 5 years, and agricultural input was the main factor. Finally, some policies were put forward such as increasing scientific and technical research expenditure, promoting rice technical training, and enhancing cost saving and benefit.