伊犁河谷土壤侵蚀综合分区

SOIL REOSION REGIONALIZATION IN ILI RIVER VALLEY

关键词:  水力侵蚀 冻融侵蚀 风力侵蚀 综合分区 治理方案 伊犁

Key words:  hydraulic erosion  freeze-thaw erosion  wind erosion  erosion regionalization  countermeasures  Ili

摘要:

［目的］综合分区是差别化进行土壤侵蚀防治与管理的基础，对控制水土流失、修复生态环境和支撑社会经济发展具有重要作用。［方法］文章基于伊犁河谷的气象、NDVI、DEM、土地利用、土壤质地及其有机质等数据，利用水力侵蚀模型、风力侵蚀模型和冻融侵蚀分级方法评估其土壤侵蚀特征，并根据相似性、综合性、空间连续、主导因子和综合因素相结合等相关原则进行综合分区。［结果］（1）伊犁河谷土壤侵蚀中，水力侵蚀面积占研究区的83.42%，水力侵蚀在各县（市）均有分布；冻融侵蚀面积比重为16.1%，集中分布于南部、中部和北部天山山区； 风力侵蚀面积最小，集中分布在图开沙漠周围。（2）通过地貌类型、侵蚀类型及强度、主要侵蚀限制因子和水土保持措施方向等指标，将伊犁河谷划分为6个一级区和14个二级区。一级区包括北部天山山区、伊犁河丘陵区、伊犁河谷地、中部天山山区、昭苏—特克斯盆地和南部天山山区。［结论］针对各分区水土流失特点，该文探讨了其土壤侵蚀治理方案，冻融侵蚀重点治理区以工程措施和植被恢复为主，水力侵蚀重点治理区主要进行人工经济林与草地种植；土壤侵蚀预防保护区重点采取封育措施对天然植被进行保护，以期为伊犁水土保持提供科学指导。

Abstract:

Comprehensive regionalization is the basis for differential control and management of soil erosion. It plays an important role in controlling soil erosion, restoring ecological environment and supporting social and economic development. Based on NDVI, DEM, meteorological, land use, soil texture, and organic matter of Ili Valley, the water erosion mode, the wind erosion model, and the freeze-thaw erosion classification method are applied to evaluate the characteristics of soil erosion in Ili Valley. Then according to the principles of similarity, comprehensiveness, spatial continuity, dominant factors and comprehensive factors, the soil erosion regionalization is carried out. The results showed that water erosion area accounted for 83.42% of the study area and water erosion in the counties (cities) were distributed; freeze-thaw erosion area accounted for 16.1%, mainly distributed in the Tianshan mountain area; wind erosion area was the lowest concentration distribution around the desert map. By means of landform types, erosion types and intensity, main erosion limiting factors and direction of soil and water conservation measures, Ili Valley was divided into 6 first-class zones and 14 second-class zones. The first grade areas included the North Tianshan Mountains，the Ili River hilly area，the Ili Valley land，the Middle Tianshan Mountain, the Zhaosu-Turks basin and the South Tianshan Mountains. According to the characteristics of soil erosion in different zones, this paper discussed the treatment scheme of the soil erosion, for example, it should adopt engineering measures and vegetation restoration in freeze-thaw erosion key areas of governance, artificial forest and grass planting in water erosion of key governance areas, and fencing measures in soil erosion prevention and protection areas to protect the natural vegetation. The results can provide scientific guidance for soil and water conservation in Ili.