稻鳅共生种养模式试验研究

EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON SYMBIOTIC BREEDING MODEL OF RICE-LOACH

关键词:  稻鳅共生 泥鳅 土壤理化性质 水稻产量构成 经济效益

Key words:  rice-loach culture  loach  soil physical and chemical properties  yield component characteristics  economic benefit

摘要:

［目的］稻鳅共生是典型的稻田综合利用模式，符合生态农业发展方向。通过对稻鳅共生生态系统的生理生态学机制开展试验研究，为进一步推广稻鳅共生种养模式提供科学依据。［方法］采用田间试验方法，以水稻单作为对照，研究了不同泥鳅养殖密度下的稻鳅共生对水稻农艺性状、土壤理化性质、水稻产量构成的影响，并对稻鳅共生种养模式进行了经济效益分析。［结果］与对照处理相比，水稻长势在株高、有效分蘖率、根长等方面有一定提高。养殖田水稻株高增高了3%，有效分蘖率提高了8%~11%，根长提高了8.8%~31.3%。在土壤理化性质方面，与对照相比，土壤容重降低了7.1%~21.2%，孔隙度增加了4.1%~14.7%。实验前后养殖田内土壤有机质增加了3.5%~26.5%，对照田降低了2.5%~5.8%。土壤肥力（氮、磷、钾）减少，但减少幅度小于对照处理。稻鳅共生种养模式下水稻产量提高了5%~25%，同时稻田增收泥鳅1725~3375kg/hm2，净收入为1.8360万~2.3070万元/ hm2，经济效益提高了3.65~4.84倍。稻鳅共生种养模式中泥鳅的养殖密度为30万尾/ hm2时稻田的生态效益和经济效益最佳。［结论］稻鳅共生有效改善了土壤理化性质，促进了水稻的生长，提高了稻田产量和产值。

Abstract:

The symbiosis of rice-loach is a typical mode of comprehensive utilization of paddy field, which is in accord with the development direction of ecological agriculture. Based on the physiological and ecological mechanism of the symbiosis ecosystem of rice-loach, an experimental study was carried out to provide a scientific basis for further promoting the symbiosis breeding mode of rice-loach. This paper analyzed the effects of rice-loach culture in different stocking density on rice agronomic characteristics, soil physical and chemical properties, yield component, quality characters and economic benefit by experimental method in field. The results showed that rice growth was improved in plant height, effective tillering and root length, compared with CK. The results showed that rice growth was improved in plant height, effective tiller rate and root length by 3%, 8%~11% and 8.8%~31.3% separately compared with the CK. For the soil physical and chemical properties, the soil bulk density decreased by 7.1%~21.2%, and the porosity increased by 4.1%~14.7% compared with the CK. The soil organic matter increased by 3.5%~26.5% and the control field decreased by 2.5%~5.8% before and after the experiment. The soil fertility (nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium) decreased, but the drop was less than that of the CK. The paddy field economic benefit was increased by 3.65~4.84 times, which the rice yield was increased by 5%~25% with the loach yield of 1725~3375 kg per hectare. The net income of the paddy field was 18360~23070 yuan per hectare. The ecological benefit and economic benefit of the rice-loach culture were best when the density of the loach was 30 thousand per hectare.Therefore, rice-loach culture improved soil physical and chemical properties, promoted the growth of rice, and increased the yield and output of the paddy fields.