区域耕地生态价值补偿量化研究——以新疆为例

QUANTITATIVELY STUDY ON ECOLOGICAL VALUE COMPENSATION OF REGIONAL CULTIVATED LAND——TAKING XINJIANG AS AN EXAMPLE

关键词:  新疆 生态足迹 生态超载指数 生态价值补偿 耕地

Key words:  Xinjiang  ecological footprint  ecological overload index  ecological value compensation  arable land

摘要:

［目的］在耕地保护形势日趋严峻的情形下，开展耕地生态价值补偿量化研究对了解耕地外部性价值的大小及深化耕地生态价值的量化方法和思路具有重要意义。［方法］文章以新疆为例，从14个地州市的耕地生态服务价值出发，将生态超载指数作为耕地生态服务价值与生态足迹在各地州市转移的测度，同时综合考虑各地州市的经济发展状况，通过构建市域生态价值补偿量化模型分别测算各地州市耕地生态价值补偿量。［结果］（1）2015年新疆耕地生态服务价值整体上有盈余输出，全疆共可获得生态补偿费103.31亿元；（2）2015年新疆南北疆耕地生态服务价值比为1：1.7，生态足迹总量比为1：2.2，生态超载指数北亏南盈，表明南北疆耕地生态足迹和耕地生态服务价值间呈“空间异位”格局；（3）新疆北疆乌鲁木齐市、克拉玛依市、吐鲁番市及哈密市共需支付耕地生态补偿费55.67亿元，北疆（乌鲁木齐市、克拉玛依市、吐鲁番市及哈密市外）和南疆地区分别可获得生态补偿费为96.59亿元和62.39亿元。［结论］该文可为新疆各地州市构建耕地生态价值补偿路径提供新思路，也可为以耕地生态价值量确定耕地保护指标和构建耕地生态补偿机制提供参考。

Abstract:

Under the situation of cultivated land protection situation increasingly serious, it is of great significance to carry out the quantitative study on the ecological value compensation of cultivated land, so as to understand the quantitative value of cultivated land externality and deepen the ecological value of cultivated land. Taking Xinjiang as an example, this paper established the ecological overload index as the measure of the ecological service value and the ecological footprint of the cultivated land in the cities and cities in 14 cities, and comprehensively considered the economic development of the cities and counties. And then, the ecological value compensation of cultivated land in different cities was measured by constructing quantitative model of urban ecological value compensation. The results showed that: (1) In 2015, the ecological service value of cultivated land in Xinjiang showed a surplus output as a whole, and the ecological compensation fee was 10331 million yuan. (2) The ratio of ecological service value of cultivated land in Xinjiang was about 1: 1.7, the ratio of ecological footprint was 1: 2.2, and the ecological overload index was northward. (3) Xinjiang Urumqi, Karamay City, Turpan City and Hami City, should pay a total of 5567 million yuan for arable land compensation. The northern Xinjiang (Urumqi City, Karamay City, Turpan City and Hami City) and the southern region needed to pay 9659 million yuan and 6239 million yuan for ecological compensation fee. This paper can provide a new idea for the construction of ecological compensation path of cultivated land in various cities and counties in Xinjiang, and can also provide reference for determining the cultivated land protection index and constructing ecological compensation mechanism of cultivated land.