农户农业雇工行为及其影响因素分析*——基于河北省丰宁县291户调研数据

THE AGRICULTURAL EMPLOYEE BEHAVIOR OF HOUSEHOLDS AND ITS INFLUENCING FACTORS*——BASED ON THE DATA OF 291 HOUSEHOLDS IN FENGNING COUNTY, HEBEI PROVINCE

关键词:  农户农业雇工机械服务需求影响因素

Key words:  rural household  agricultural employee  machinery service  demand  influencing factors

摘要:

［目的］随着农村劳动力转移与农村土地流转的加快，劳动力逐渐成为影响农业生产的重要问题，农业雇工成为补充农业劳动力的重要途径。研究农业雇工行为及其影响因素，对于农业劳动力市场完善、推动农业兴旺具有重要意义。［方法］基于微观经济理论对农户农业雇工行为影响因素进行数理分析，并基于河北省丰宁县291户农户调研数据进行实证分析。［结果］（1）理论分析表明，农业产出的价格、农户资本禀赋、农户土地禀赋对农户雇工数量具有正向影响，而农户劳动力禀赋、雇工工资率则具有负向影响。（2）实证分析表明，调研农户中雇工或雇用机械服务的农户的比例从2008年的574%上升到2012年的639%，支出则从18195元上升到31804元； 影响因素方面，劳动力工资、耕地面积对农户雇工支出具有显著的正向影响，家庭农业生产工时投入、担任村干部、居住地到信贷机构距离对农户雇工支出具有显著的负向影响，而农户资本相关变量等并未呈现显著影响。［结论］在城镇化进程和土地流转加快的背景下，提高农村地区金融服务水平、加强农业技能培训等可以进一步促进农村劳动力市场完善。

Abstract:

With the acceleration of rural labor mobility and rural land transfer, labor supply has been a key problem in agricultural production, and agricultural employment has become the important alternative way. It is essential to study the rural households′ agricultural employment behavior and its influencing factors for the agricultural labor market and agriculture flourishment. Based on microeconomic theory, the influencing factors on the number of rural households′ agricultural employee was mathematically examined and an empirical analysis was conducted based on the survey data of 291 households in Fengning county, Hebei province. It showed that the price of agricultural output, the household capital endowment, and the household land endowment had positive impacts on the optimal number of employee, while the household labor endowments and the wage rate of employees had negative impacts. The proportion of rural households employing labors or machinery services had increased from 57.4% in 2008 to 63.9% in 2012, and the expenditure had increased from 181.95 yuan to 318.04 yuan. In terms of influencing factors, the labor wages and the land area had significant positive effects on the employing expenditure, while the household labor input in agricultural production, being village leaders, distance from their residence to the financial agencies had significant negative impacts, with the capital-related variables having no significant effects. At the background of urbanization accelerating and land transfer increasing, improving the financial services in rural areas, and strengthening agricultural skills training can lead to the improvement of the rural labor market.