多功能理论视角下的中国乡村振兴与评估

CHINA'S RURAL REVITALIZATION AND ITS EVALUATION FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF MULTIFUNCTIONAL THEORY

关键词:  乡村振兴乡村发展多功能评价熵权法

Key words:  rural revitalization  rural development  multifunction theory  evaluation  entropy method

摘要:

［目的］在全国上下贯彻落实乡村振兴战略的背景下，研究制定一套乡村振兴评价指标体系，对于各地诊断乡村发展问题、监测乡村振兴进展、支撑完善乡村振兴政策具有重要意义。［方法］文章引入多功能农业与乡村理论，从功能视角尝试构建了包括5个一级指标与25个二级指标的乡村振兴评价指标体系，并采取熵值法评价了2015年全国分省尺度的乡村振兴水平。［结果］（1）各地乡村振兴水平存在较大差异，北京市最高，达0924，山西省最低，为0635。分区域来看，东部乡村振兴水平明显领先于西部、东北与中部地区。（2）乡村振兴水平较高的地区，生态宜居、治理有效、生活富裕评价得分普遍较高，产业兴旺、乡风文明的优势则不明显，这与产业兴旺评价指标侧重农业及其延伸产业、发达地区依托发展非农产业来实现乡村振兴、乡村经济发展并不必然带来乡风文明的同步发展有着显著关联。（3）乡村振兴评价结果总体上符合各省市的实际情况，表明基于功能视角的乡村振兴评价指标体系是科学可行的，但受数据可获得性影响，该指标体系对非农产业发展等指标的考虑尚显不足，文化娱乐设施的可及性等个别指标还可以进一步斟酌完善。［结论］考虑乡村振兴的多重功能目标及其公共产品属性，以及广东中西部地区乡村振兴评价结果相对落后的客观事实，乡村振兴战略需要通过规划引领、地域分工、价值显化、政府投入等多重手段，根本上提升农村竞争力与吸引力，实现乡村振兴目标。

Abstract:

In the context of implementing the strategy of rural revitalization throughout the country, it is important to formulate a set of evaluation indicators system for rural revitalization, which has great significance to diagnose rural development problems, monitor the progress of rural revitalization, and support the improvement of rural revitalization policy. This article introduced multi-functional agriculture and rural theory, constructed the rural revitalization evaluation index system which had5 first-level indicators and 25 second-level indicator, and used the entropy method to evaluate the national level of rural revitalization at the provincial level in 2015. The results indicated that: （Ⅰ）There were large differences in the level of rural revitalization among various regions. The highest level was in Beijing,reaching 0.924, while the lowest level was in Shanxi province with 0.635. In terms of regions, the levels of rural revitalization in the Eastern regions were clearly ahead of the Western, Northeast and Central regions. (Ⅱ)Regions with high levels of rural revitalization had high scores of ecological livability, effective governance, and wealthy lifestyle. But the advantages of industrial prosperity and rural civilization were not obvious duo to the industrial prosperity evaluation index focusing on agriculture and its extension industries. (Ⅲ)The evaluation results of rural revitalization were generally accord with the actual conditions in different areas, which indicated that the evaluation index system of rural rejuvenation based on functional perspective was scientific and feasible. However, due to the availability of data, this indicator system was still insufficient such as the development of non-agricultural industries, and individual indicators such as the availability of cultural and recreational facilities. Considering the multi-functional goals of rural revitalization, its public-product attribute and the fact that the evaluation results of rural revitalization in the central and western regions of Guangdong were relatively backward, the rural revitalization strategy should emphasis on the guidance of the rural planning, strengthen geographical division of labor, reflect the multi-functional value of rural areas, and increase government investment, so as to fundamentally increase rural competitiveness and attractiveness and achieve the goal of rural revitalization.