珠江资源环境承载力指标体系构建

ESTABLISHMENT OF INDEX SYSTEM OF RESOURCE ENVIRONMENTAL CARRYING CAPACITY IN PEARL RIVER AREA

关键词:  资源承载力环境承载力指标珠江可持续发展

Key words:  resource carrying capacity  environmental carrying capacity  index  Pearl River  sustainable development

摘要:

［目的］资源与环境是人类赖以生存和发展的物质基础。由经济快速发展引发的资源过度消耗、环境污染加重、生态遭受破坏等问题日益严峻，由工业化引发的资源和环境问题已经严重影响珠江地区的发展，构建珠江资源环境承载力指标体系对资源环境保护和国土规划具有重要意义。［方法］文章详细分析珠江流域资源环境现状，根据资源和环境承载力指标体系构建原则，并遵循可持续发展，人与自然相和谐，地域分异规律和生态经济理论。［结果］共构建9个水资源承载力指标， 8个土地资源承载力指标， 13个大气环境承载力指标，6个水环境承载力指标，从人口经济，工业，农业和城市角度构建了11个土壤环境承载力指标，并对珠江流域资源环境状况进行了分析。［结论］虽然近些年，国家加大了对珠江流域资源环境的保护和治理，但该地区的环境污染形势依然非常严峻，“三废”排放严重污染了周围的自然环境，对经济社会的发展构成了威胁。珠江流域水资源开发率也在逐年降低，合理开发水资源也是目前需要攻克的难题。

Abstract:

The resources and environment are the base for our human existence. With the constant development of the economy, the current social population is increasing dramatically, and the resources are over consumed. Environmental pollution and ecological damage have become increasingly prominent. The problems of resources and environment caused by industrialization have become important factors that restrict the current social and economic development in the Pearl River. The Pearl River resources and environmental carrying capacity index system is of great significance to the protection of resources and environment and land planning. The paper analyzed the present situation of resources and environment in the Pearl River according to the principle of constructing the index system of resources and environment carrying capacity, and the theory of sustainable development, harmony between man and nature, and the law of regional differentiation and eco economy. A total of nine water resources carrying capacity indicators, eight land carrying capacity indicators and six water carrying capacity indicators, thirteen indicators of carrying capacity of the air environment and eleven indicators of soil environmental carrying capacity were constructed. Although the state increased the protection and governance of the resources and environment in the Pearl River Basin, the environmental pollution situation in the region was still very severe. The "three wastes" emissions had seriously polluted the surrounding natural environment, posing a threat to the economic and social development. The development rate of water resources in the Pearl River Basin was also decreasing year by year. The rational development of water resources was also a difficult problem to overcome.