偏远地区农户宅基地退出影响因素与退出路径衔接*——以新疆玛纳斯县为例

THE INFLUENCING FACTORS AND CONNECTED PATHS OF FARMERS HOMESTEAD WITHDRAWAL IN REMOTE AREAS*——TAKE MANASI COUNTY, XINJIANG PROVINCE AS AN EXAMPLE

关键词:  宅基地退出Probit路径衔接新疆

Key words:  homestead  exit  Probit model  withdrawal  Xinjiang

摘要:

［目的］为研究农户宅基地退出影响因素在经济不发达的偏远地区的特殊性。［方法］文章通过对新疆玛纳斯县农户进行入户问卷调查，选取玛纳斯县两镇四乡作为样本区，从农户个体特征、家庭特征、宅基地资源禀赋与政策认知程度方面提出3个假设，采用Probit回归模型分析农户宅基地退出意愿影响因素的显著性，验证假设并分析其缘由。［结果］族别、家庭职业类型、宅基地拥有的数量和多余宅基地处置方式与农民退出宅基地发生概率成正向变动关系，受教育程度、宅基地使用年限、有无证书、无证书的原因、宅基地预期估算价值和交通便利情况对宅基地退出意愿有负向影响的作用，宅基地资源禀赋和政策认知程度较农户个体特征和家庭特征对农户退出意愿有显著影响。［结论］对于偏远地区宅基地退出实施前需先进行政策宣讲与流程介绍，消除不同产权主体对政策的认知偏差； 宅基地退出前后各相关部门要做好工作衔接，保障宅基地退出资金来源并建立多元化退出补偿方式，落实宅基地退出后各方面保障等策略，从而驱动宅基地科学、合理、有序退出政策的谨慎推广实施。

Abstract:

In order to study the particularity of the influencing factors of farmers homestead withdrawal in underdeveloped and remote areas, this paper adopted the home questionnaire survey through the farmers in Manas county, Xinjiang. The four villages in two towns of Manas county were selected as the sample areas. It put forward three hypotheses from the farmers individual characteristics, family characteristics, homestead resource endowment and policy cognition degree. Probit regression model was adopted to analyze the significance of the influencing factors of farmer's homestead withdrawal intention, and verify the hypotheses, as well as analyze the reasons. The study results showed that nationality, family career type, the number of homesteads, and the disposition of excess homesteads, had the positive variation relation with the probability of farmers homestead withdrawal. There was negative influence effect among education level, homestead years, with or without certificate, reasons for without certificate, estimated value of homestead, traffic facilitation and homestead withdrawal willingness. The homestead resource endowment and policy cognition degree had more significant influences on farmers homestead withdrawal willingness than the individual characteristics and family characteristics. The policy presentation and process introduction were needed before the implementation of homestead withdrawal in remote areas to eliminate the different property of policies from different right subjects. All relevant departments should conduct the work of convergence well before and after the withdrawal of homestead to protect the sources of homestead withdrawal, and establish a diversified withdrawal compensation, as well as implement all aspects of security after the homestead withdrawal, so as to carefully promote and implement the polices of scientific, reasonable and orderly withdrawal.