“一带一路”背景下的中国大米外交策略

CHINA′S "RICE DIPLOMACY" STRATEGY FOR THE BELT AND ROAD INITIATIVE

关键词:  一带一路大米外交粮食安全可持续发展国家战略

Key words:  the Belt and Road initiative  rice diplomacy  food security  sustainable development  national strategy

摘要:

［目的］农业外交是一种古老的外交形式，也是一项崭新的研究议题。大米外交是农业外交的重要内容，“一带一路”建设为中国开展与沿线国家大米外交提供了新契机。研究大米外交的实施路径，有助于提高中国大米国际竞争力。［方法］研究以如何开展大米外交为研究对象，分析了中国开展大米外交面临的机遇及相应实施路径。［结果］中国实施“大米外交”战略面临重要机遇，如粮食外交已成为世界各国外交战略的重要形态。中国杂交水稻技术国际领先优势明显，大米是“一带一路”沿线部分国家的重要贸易产品，中国水稻生产可持续发展环境亟需改善。针对不同国家及地区具体情况，通过大米贸易、技术合作、农业投资、粮食援助等多种形式，积极实施差别化的“大米外交”战略。如对东南亚、南亚主要是增加大米进口和技术交流，对中亚、俄罗斯主要是增加农地投资和劳务输出，对东非、北非主要是增加大米援助和技术输出，对东亚、中东欧主要是增加粳米出口和技术引进等路径。［结论］文章提出了加强金融支持、创新合作模式、把握进口时机和增加种子出口等推进中国“大米外交”的政策建议。

Abstract:

Agricultural diplomacy is an ancient form of diplomacy, and also a new research topic. The Belt and Road Initiative provides a golden opportunity for China to carry out rice diplomacy with countries along the Belt and Road. Studying the implementation paths of rice diplomacy will help to improve the international competitiveness of rice. This paper studied the rice diplomacy, analyzed the opportunities and implementation paths of rice diplomacy in China. The results showed that China was facing an important opportunity to carry out the rice diplomacy. Food diplomacy played a vital role in the national diplomatic strategy around the world, and rice was one of the most important trade goods among the some countries along the Belt and Road. China had an obvious advantage in hybrid rice technology but needed to improve the eco environment for a sustainable development of rice production. Therefore, differentiation strategies should be carried out in various forms, such as rice trade, technological cooperation, agricultural investment, and food aid, and so on, depending on the countries. More specifically, China should increase rice imports and technology exports to Southeast Asia and South Asia, the agricultural investment and labor exports to Central Asia and Russia, rice aid and technical support to East Africa and North Africa, and the high quality rice exports and technology imports to East Asian, Central Europe and Eastern Europe. It put forward the policy implications, such as enhancing financial support, innovating cooperation mode, managing rice import, and expanding the exports for rice seeds.