生态文明建设视角下推进农业绿色发展的思考

THOUGHTS ON PROMOTING THE GREEN DEVELOPMENT OF AGRICULTURE FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF ECOLOGICAL CIVILIZATION CONSTRUCTION

关键词:  生态文明农业绿色发展问题导向战略思维

Key words:  ecological civilization  agriculture  green development  problem oriented  strategic thinking

摘要:

［目的］党的十九大提出了要加快生态文明体制改革，建设美丽中国。绿色发展是生态文明建设的基本途径之一。农业是与自然联系最为紧密的产业，是生态文明建设的重要领域，农业绿色发展不仅是时代发展的使命所需，也有自身发展的内在需求，必须创新举措，加以持续推进。［方法］在系统梳理生态文明、绿色发展及农业可持续推进相关文献的基础上，全面分析了我国农业绿色发展的重要意义、面临形势和存在的主要问题。［结果］传统农业增长模式面临的资源透支、环境污染、生态系统退化、质量安全风险等问题日益突出，成为制约农业可持续发展的关键因素； 当前推进农业绿色发展存在5个方面的问题：政府大力推动与农业生产者认知之间的差距、新型应用技术与农民文化素质之间的差距、土地规模效益与当前农户实际经营规模之间的差距、农业绿色发展的内涵要求与农业补贴政策之间有矛盾、短期内生产效益下降风险与农民经济人本性之间有矛盾。［结论］运用战略思维，提出了推进农业绿色发展的5条对策建议：树立农业绿色发展的创新理念、完善农业绿色发展的补贴政策、强化农业绿色发展的科技支撑、扶持适度规模的农业经营主体、实施农业绿色发展的重大工程。

Abstract:

The 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China proposed to speed up the reform of ecological civilization and build a beautiful China. Green development was the basic way of ecological civilization construction. Agriculture was the most closely related industry with nature, and an important area of ecological civilization construction. Agricultural green development was not only the mission of the times development, but also the inherent needs of its own development. On the basis of combing the relevant literatures of ecological civilization, green development and agricultural sustainable development, the importance, situation and key problems of development of green agriculture in China were comprehensively analyzed. Generally, 5 problems in promoting green development of agriculture at present could be listed as follow: 1) the gap between the cognitive level of agricultural producers and vigorous promotion of the government, 2) the gap between the new application technology and the current age and cultural quality of the peasants, 3) the gap between the scale benefit of land and the actual operation scale of farmers, 4) the contradiction between the connotation of agricultural green development and the agricultural subsidy policy based on increasing production, 5) the contradiction between the decrease in production efficiency in the short period and the nature of the "economic man" of farmers. We must use strategic thinking and innovate development measures to break the contradiction, and then promote sustainable agricultural development. Thus, five measures were put forward, the details were as follows: setting up the innovative idea of agricultural green development, improving the subsidy policy for agricultural green development, strengthening scientific and technological support for agricultural green development, cultivating new types of agricultural businesses and implementing major projects for developing green agriculture.