基于PSR模型和熵权法的家庭农场创业环境综合评价*——以吉林省为例

EVALUATION ON FAMILY FARM′S ENTERPRENEURIAL ENVIONMENT BASED ON PSR MODEL AND ENTROPY METHOD*——TAKING JILIN PROVINCEAS AN EXAMPLE

关键词:  家庭农场农民创业创业环境PSR模型熵权法

Key words:  family farm  farmer entrepreneurship  entrepreneurial environment  PSR model  entropy topsis method

摘要:

［目的］以家庭农场为载体开展农民创业活动极具发展前景和研究价值，文章旨在从农民创业视角探究家庭农场的创办与发展规律。［方法］选取18项评价指标，运用PSR模型构建家庭农场创业环境评价指标体系，运用熵权法和综合指数法测算吉林省家庭农场创业环境综合指数，预测创业环境的发展趋势。［结果］吉林省家庭农场创业环境综合指数走势总体呈现上升趋势，创办家庭农场的环境持续优化； 吉林省家庭农场创业过程中，政府部门的响应举措具有明显的效果，但社会经济压力作用不显著； 政府部门优化家庭农场创业环境的政策效应存在一定时滞性，并且是一个不断积累和延续的过程； 农民创业环境改善和优化到一定程度会出现“平台期”，须不断进行政策创新和管理创新以进一步优化区域农民创业环境； 基于综合指数的走势，未来吉林省家庭农场创业环境将持续改善。［结论］提高土地流转效率、增加农业固定资产投资、改善家庭农场融资环境、加快工业化与城镇化进程以及构建农业社会化服务体系是进一步优化家庭农场创业环境的主要路径和着力点。

Abstract:

The development of farmers′ entrepreneurial activities based on family farms has great prospects and research value. This paper aimed to explore the law of the establishment and development of family farms from the perspective of farmers′ Entrepreneurship. PSR model was used to build up the indices system of family farm′ entrepreneurial environment with 20 indices selected. Through the entropy method and comprehensive index method，the comprehensive index of family farm′s entrepreneurial environment was calculated, and the development trend of family farm′s entrepreneurial environment was further predicted. The results showed that the comprehensive index of family farm′s entrepreneurial environment in Jilin province showed overall upward trends, and the environment for family farm had been optimized continuously. In the process of family farm′s entrepreneurship in Jilin province, the response measures of government departments had obvious effects, but the roles of social and economic pressure were not significant. There was a "platform" period when the farmers′ entrepreneurial environment was improved and optimized to a certain extent, then policy innovation and management innovation needed to be further optimized for the regional farmers′ entrepreneurial environment. Based on trends of the comprehensive index, future farmers′ entrepreneurial environment will continue to be improved. Improving land transfer efficiency, increasing investment in agricultural fixed assets, improving the financing environment of family farms, promoting industrialization and urbanization, and establishing social service system were the main paths to optimize family farm′s entrepreneurial environment.