基于生态足迹模型的湖北省农业资源开发评估

EVALUATION OF AGRICULTURAL RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT IN HUBEI PROVINCE BASED ON ECOLOGICAL FOOTPRINT MODEL

关键词:  生态足迹农业资源生态容量资源开发协调发展

Key words:  ecological footprint  agricultural resources  ecological capacity  resource development  coordinated development

摘要:

［目的］农业资源是人类生存发展的重要物质基础，对维持社会经济的可持续发展具有主导作用。评估湖北省农业资源的开发利用状况，为今后统筹资源利用和社会经济协调提供理论依据，以期提出可行性建议。［方法］采用生态足迹模型，计算了2009—2015年湖北省的人均生态足迹和人均生态容量及生态赤字，分析了该省各土地利用类型的人均生态足迹组分变化和各项农业生物资源和能源资源的开发状况，对资源开发总体形势展开了评价。［结果］2009—2013年湖北省人均生态足迹逐年递增， 2014和2015年明显降低，但人均生态足迹远高于人均生态容量。能源用地、建筑用地和草地构成了湖北省人均生态足迹的主体，且开发强度呈上升趋势。其中，玉米、小麦、稻谷、蔬菜以及各类畜产品和水产品，部分能源资源的开发强度增强。［结论］湖北省对农业资源的开发已超过生态系统的供给能力，严重威胁到生态系统的稳态，土地资源的承载力面临较大压力。全省需要从改变消费和生产方式，调整产业结构，优化土地利用类型，合理布局土地利用规划，发展高效农业资源利用模式等方面入手，提高农业资源的开发效率，降低人均生态足迹，维持生态容量。保证全省休闲农业与乡村生态旅游事业健康发展。

Abstract:

Agricultural resources are an important material basis for the survival and development of humankind and play a leading role in maintaining the sustainable development of the social economy. This paper evaluated the development and utilization of agricultural resources in Hubei province in order to provide theoretical basis for overall utilization of social economic coordination in the future.Using the ecological footprint model, the per capita ecological footprint, per capita ecological capacity, and ecological deficit of Hubei province from 2009 to 2015 were calculated. The per capita ecological footprint component changes of various land use types in the province were analyzed, and various agricultural biological resources and energy resources were analyzed. The development status of the overall situation of resource development had been evaluated. The per capita ecological footprint of Hubei province had been increasing year by year from 2009 to 2013, but it had decreased significantly in 2014 and 2015, but the per capita ecological footprint was far higher than the per capita ecological capacity. Energy land, construction land and grassland constituted the main body of per capita ecological footprint in Hubei province, and the development intensity was on the rise. Among them, corn, wheat, rice, vegetables, as well as various animal products and aquatic products, the intensity of the development of some energy resources had increased. The development of agricultural resources in Hubei province had exceeded the supply capacity of the ecosystem, seriously threatening the stability of the ecosystem, and the carrying capacity of land resources was under greater pressure. It needed to change the consumption and production methods, adjust the industrial structure, optimize the land use types, rational distribute land use planning, and develop the efficient agricultural resource utilization patterns. Meanwhile it should improve the efficiency of agricultural resource development and reduce the per capita ecological footprint, and maintain ecological capacity.