关于推进南疆农业结构调整的思考

THOUGHTS ON PROMOTING AGRICULTURAL STRUCTURE ADJUSTMENT IN SOUTHERN XINJIANG

关键词:  南疆农业结构调整水资源草畜平衡农产品加工

Key words:  Southern Xinjiang  agricultural structure adjustment  water resource  balance of capacity of grassland and livestock  agricultural products processing

摘要:

［目的］新时期，加快推进南疆农业产业结构调整，促进农牧民全面实现脱贫致富奔小康，实现农业可持续发展，是推进南疆经济社会发展的重要手段。通过分析南疆地区水土资源条件和农业产业结构，提出推动南疆农业结构调整的发展方向和重点领域，并提出相应的政策建议。［方法］文章系统梳理南疆农业结构调整相关文献的基础上，通过实地调研和调阅南疆地区农业部门相关资料，全面分析南疆水资源利用、农牧业生产、农产品加工等方面面临的问题，提出针对性措施。［结果］南疆水资源处于过度开发状态，通过压减种植面积或调整种植结构节水空间十分有限，饲草料短缺矛盾较为突出，种养不平衡凸显，农产品加工业滞后，产业结构不合理。［结论］推进南疆农业结构调整，重点是加强水利工程建设提高骨干输水工程防渗率，发展高效节水农业，强化草畜配套平衡，大力发展农产品精深加工，推进农业产业化发展。

Abstract:

In new period, accelerating the agricultural industrial structureadjustment isan important means forachieving poverty alleviation, promoting economic and social development in southern Xinjiang.By analyzing the conditions of water and soil resources and the structure of agriculture in South Xinjiang, the development direction and key areas of promoting the adjustment of agricultural structure in South Xinjiang were put forward.Based on the literature review on agricultural structure adjustment and field research in Southern Xinjiang, it conducted a comprehensive analysis on Southern Xinjiang′s water resources utilization, agricultural and husbandry production, agro products processing.The result showthat water resources are over exploited in Southern Xinjiang, and there′re many limitations for water saving by reducing planting acreage or adjustingthe structure withmore water saving plants. In this condition, four major problems are obvious in Southern Xinjiang, such as forage shortage, imbalance between planting and breeding production, the lagging growth of ago products processing, and the unreasonable industrial structure.In order to promote the adjustment agricultural structure and growth of production in Southern Xinjiang, we provide the following suggestions. Firstly, the irrigation system is needed to strengthen to improve seepage rate of backbone water diversion project. Secondly, efficient water saving agriculture should be encouraged and spread. Thirdly, coordinated development of forage grass and livestock should be strictly implemented. Last and the most importantly, it′s vital to enforce the agro product processing and consummate the agriculture chain to promote agricultural industrialization.