特色小镇乡村旅游资源的深度开发*——施甸摆榔金布朗风情小镇的实证研究

IN-DEPTH EXPLOITATION OF RURAL TOURISM RESOURCES OF CHARACTERISTIC TOWN*——BASED ON THE SMALL TOWN OF GOLDEN BLANG ETHNIC GROUP IN SHIDIAN COUNTY

关键词:  民族文化资源特色小镇乡村旅游开发模式施甸摆榔金布朗风情小镇

Key words:  ethnic cultural resources  characteristic town  rural tourism  development pattern  the small town of Golden Blang Ethnic Group in Shidian County

摘要:

［目的］特色小镇建设是新时代推进新型城镇化战略与实施乡村振兴战略相衔接，促进城乡一体化发展的重要举措，其发展模式备受关注。文章以正在创建的云南省一流特色小镇“施甸摆榔金布朗风情小镇”为例，在充分挖掘、总结施甸布朗族文化资源的基础上根据民族文化传承与保护存在的问题，提出研究区文化乡村旅游开发模式，为推动民族地区文化乡村旅游产业的发展提供实践指导。［方法］通过田野调查法和深度访谈法对施甸布朗族文化资源及其传承与保护现状进行调查，挖掘、整理和总结施甸布朗族传统民族文化资源的类型与特点以及民族文化传承与保护中出现的问题。［结果］(1)施甸布朗族拥有祭祀、婚嫁、民间故事传说、原生态歌舞、传统服饰及生产生活习俗等六大类独特的民族文化资源，且每一大类民族文化资源均有其独特的表现特征； （2）施甸布朗族文化在发展与传承中面临文化元素弱化、失传、异质化、散失以及文化传承人处于文化传承与维持生计的两难境地等5个方面的问题； （3）基于丰富的民族文化资源禀赋条件，根据民族文化传承与保护中面临的问题，提出施甸布朗族文化乡村旅游“五个一”整合开发模式。［结论］少数民族地区依托独特的民族文化资源发展乡村旅游是推进特色小镇和美丽乡村建设协同发展的较好模式之一，也是实现民族文化传承保护与促进地方经济社会协调发展的重要举措。

Abstract:

The construction of characteristic town is an important measure that can promote the new urbanization, rural revitalization and the development of city countryside integration, therefore, the development pattern of characteristic town has been widely concerned. This study took the small town of Golden Blang Ethnic Group in Shidian County as an example，which combined ethnic cultural resources of Blang ethnic group in Shidian county with methods of field investigation and in depth interview, and summed up the types and characteristics of ethnic cultural resources of Blang Ethnic group in Shidian county. This paper analyzed the problems of inheritance and protection of ethnic culture. On this basis, the development pattern of rural tourism and references of scientific compilation for the development of cultural rural tourism industry in ethnic group areas was put forward. The results indicated that （1）There were abundant ethnic cultural resources of Blang ethnic group in Shidian county, including sacrifices, marriage, folk tales, song and dance, clothes & accessories and other customs of production and life routines etc, which all had their unique features.（2）The development, inheritance and protection of ethnic culture of Blang ethnic group in Shidian county were faced with many difficulties and challenges, including reduction and lose of cultural elements and culture heterogeneity. Furthermore, cultural inheritors were facing with difficulties in choosing from cultural inheritance and family livelihood.（3）Based on the rich ethnic cultural resources and the problems of inheritance and protection of ethnic culture, projects in terms of sacrificial customs, marriage customs, original ecological singing and dancing party, bonfire party and hiking around the Blang mountains which could be concluded as "Five in One" integrated development pattern had been put forward in this paper. In conclusion, "Five in One" pattern benefitted for the cultivation of both characteristic town and beautiful countryside for the development of rural tourism in ethnic minority was strongly relies on ethnic cultural resources. At the same time, this pattern was helpful to the inheritage and protection of ethnic culture as well as the development of local economy and society.