山西省特色农业产业集群集中度和竞争力分析*——以运城苹果、朔州羊肉、晋城大豆为例

ANALYSIS ON THE CONCENTRATION AND COMPETITIVENESS OF CHARACTERISTIC AGRICULTURAL INDUSTRIAL CLUSTERS IN SHANXI PROVINCE*——TAKE YUNCHENG APPLE, SHUOZHOU MUTTON, JINCHENG SOYBEAN AS AN EXAMPLE

关键词:  山西省特色农业产业集群集中程度竞争力

Key words:  Shanxi province  characteristic agriculture  industrial cluster  concentration  competitiveness

摘要:

［目的］文章选取了山西省3个具有代表性的特色农业产业集群（运城苹果、朔州羊肉、晋城大豆）进行研究，通过探索山西省特色农业产业集群发展的优势与不足，有助于提升产品竞争力和助力区域经济发展，进而达到促进农业发展、带动农民增收的目的。［方法］文章运用2005年、2010年、2015年3个时期的数据，首先基于波特的钻石模型分析了3个产业的发展情况，然后运用区位商和集中系数指标、产业效率优势指数和规模优势指数指标分别分析了3个特色农业产业集群的集中化程度和竞争力。［结果］从集中化程度来看，运城苹果产业发展进入成熟阶段，专业化程度和集中化程度近几年一直较为稳定，进一步提升空间不大； 朔州羊肉产业处于大幅上升阶段，集中化程度明显，且优于专业化程度； 晋城大豆产业专业化程度优势优于集中化程度优势，但二者均呈先升后降趋势。从竞争力评价角度来看，运城苹果产业已初具产业效率优势且稳定上升，规模优势稳定且变化不明显； 朔州羊肉产业具有极高的产业效率优势且高位运行，规模优势稳定且处于成熟阶段； 晋城大豆产业正在形成产业效率优势，规模优势近年来稍有下降。从综合比较优势来看，运城苹果产业处于成熟阶段，朔州羊肉产业具有极强的综合比较优势，晋城大豆产业受规模优势下降的影响而下降。［结论］总体来看，3个产业作为山西省的特色农业产业，其集中化程度和竞争力均较高，且具有发展优势和发展空间，区域布局合理，已经形成或正在形成特色农业产业集群，但同时也存在一定的问题。从微观层面来说，农户、企业等微观主体应该继续发挥产品的品质优势，同时努力扩大市场份额和拓展销售渠道，积极延伸产业链，加强与科研院所的合作； 从宏观层面来说，应该加强政府支持和引导，减少市场风险的不确定性。

Abstract:

The paper selected three representative agricultural industrial clusters in Shanxi province (Yuncheng Apple, Shuozhou mutton, Jincheng soybean), and explored the advantages and disadvantages of the development of characteristic agricultural industrial clusters in Shanxi province. It is useful to enhance the competitiveness of products and promote the development of regional economy, and then it can promote the agricultural development and the income of farmers. Based on the data of 2005, 2010 and 2015, it first analyzed the development of three industries based on Porter′s diamond model. And then it used the location quotient and the concentration coefficient index, the industrial efficiency advantage index and the scale advantage index to respectively analyze the centralization degree and the competitiveness of three special agricultural industrial clusters. From the degree of centralization, the development of Apple industry in Yuncheng has entered the mature stage, the degree of specialization and centralization has been more stable in recent years, and the space for further improvement is small; Shuozhou mutton industry is in a big rising stage, the degree of centralization is obvious, and is superior to specialization degree; The specialization degree of Jincheng soybean industry is superior to the centralization degree, but the trend of both of them is from ascending to descending. From the standpoint of competitiveness evaluation, Yuncheng apple industry has already had the advantage of industrial efficiency and is steadily rising, and the scale advantage is stable and the change is not obvious; Shuozhou mutton industry has a high industrial efficiency advantage and high operation, and the scale advantage is stable and in the mature stage; Jincheng soybean industry is forming industrial efficiency advantage, and the scale advantage has declined slightly in recent years. From the perspective of comprehensive comparative advantages, Yuncheng apple industry is in the mature stage, Shuozhou mutton industry has a strong comprehensive comparative advantage, and Jincheng soybean industry is declining because of the impact of scale advantages declining. Overall, as the characteristic agricultural industry of Shanxi province, three industries have higher centralization degree and competitiveness, and have the advantages of development and development space, the regional layout is reasonable, they have formed or are forming the characteristic agricultural industrial cluster, but there are some problems. From the micro level, the micro subjects such as farmers and enterprises should continue to exert the advantages of product quality, and strive to expand market share and expand sales channels, and actively extend the industrial chain and strengthen cooperation with scientific research institutes. From the macro level, it should strengthen government support and guidance to reduce the uncertainty of market risk.