农业空间布局实施主体决策行为的博弈分析

GAME ANALYSIS OF THE SUBJECTS′ DECISION MAKING BEHAVIOR OF AGRICULTURAL SPATIAL LAYOUT

关键词:  农业空间布局多主体决策行为博弈分析土地利用

Key words:  spatial layout of agriculture  multiagent  decision behavior  game analysis  land use

摘要:

［目的］文章从实施主体行为的角度进行研究空间布局，为制定合理的农业产业政策与土地利用政策提供依据。［方法］文章系统解析传统主体（小农户）以及新型主体（家庭农场、合作组织、能人大户、企业）的行为模式与决策过程； 进一步通过博弈分析方法研究两类主体之间基于土地经营权二次契约与产业经营组织的策略； 最后基于情境讨论提出有利于农业空间布局规划目标实现的实施策略。［内容］该文主要从空间布局实施主体决策行为的微观视角分析影响农业空间布局实施的影响因素，求解有利于农业空间布局优化的“契约机制”与“组织形式”。［结论］由于空间布局的实施主体的行为存在不确定性，政府必须采取保障布局规划实施的相应措施，包括加大对产业联盟的政策性支持； 培育基于高质量农产品的价值回报市场和农业服务市场； 加大对经营规模、辐射带动、盈利能力、产品认证、品牌建设、销售渠道等方面具有明显优势的新型主体的支持与扶持； 强化对土地利用规划的监管； 探索建立中国特色的农业生产法人制度； 依托小城镇建设，出台相应政策提高农户回归农业的积极性与幸福感； 借助培训、教育等方式，培养新型职业农民。

Abstract:

This paper studied the utilization of agricultural land from the perspective of farmer′s behavior in order to provide the basis for formulating the policy of rational agricultural industry and land use. It systematically analyzed the behavior pattern and decision making process of traditional farmers and new agricultural producers. The game analysis was used to research the strategy of the two kinds of subjects according to the second contract of land management right and industrial operation organization. Based on different situations, it put forward more reasonable measures for agricultural layout. It mainly analyzed the influencing factors affecting the implementation of agricultural spatial layout from the microscopic perspective of the decision making behavior of spatial layout implementation, and found the solution of the "contract mechanism" and "organization form" which were conducive to the optimization of agricultural spatial layout. Due to the uncertainty of farmers′ behavior, the government should take corresponding policies to ensure the implementation of layout planning, including increasing the policy support to the industrial alliance, cultivating the healthy operation of the agricultural product market and agricultural service market, radiation drive, profitability, product certification, brand building, sales channels and so on, especially those new subjects with obvious advantages. In addition, the government should strengthen the supervision of land use planning and explore the establishment of a legal person system for agricultural production with Chinese characteristics. And relying on the construction of small towns to improve the sense of happiness in rural employment and life, so as to attract farmers to return home. Finally, training and education should be advised to train new professional farmers.