中国桑蚕产业主产区比较优势分析

ANALYSIS ON COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGES OF MAIN PRODUCTION AREAS OF MULBERRY SILKWORM IN CHINA

关键词:  桑蚕桑蚕产业比较优势主产区对策

Key words:  mulberry silkworm  the silkworm industry  comparative advantage  production area  countermeasures

摘要:

［目的］进入21世纪以来，伴随着桑蚕产业空间格局发生的以“东桑西移”为特征的演变，中国桑蚕产业主产省份以及各自的比较优势都发生了深刻变化。［方法］文章借助产业集中度、产业比较优势等指标分析方法，对我国桑蚕产业主产区的比较优势进行研究，分析我国桑蚕产业主产区比较优势变迁的影响因素。［结果］（1）2003—2015年间，我国蚕茧产业集中度表现出先下降后上升的特点； （2）广西、浙江、重庆、云南、陕西、四川6省份桑蚕产业具有显著规模优势（SAC＞ 2）传统桑蚕产业大省浙江省的生产效率比较优势明显下滑，广西和云南两省综合比较优势持续提升，产业生产明显出现向西部和中部地区转移的现象； （3）资源、经济、市场、技术、生态、政策等6个方面因素，共同影响了我国桑蚕产业主产区比较优势的形成和变迁。［结论］要加强西部茧桑蚕产业链建设，加大桑蚕产业宏观调控力度，加快技术创新，降低生产成本，提高桑蚕产业综合开发水平，巩固和推动广西、云南等具有比较优势的桑蚕产业新兴主产区发展。

Abstract:

Since the entry of 21st century, with the evolution of industrial space pattern of mulberry silkworm industry featured by "the shift of mulberry silkworm from the East to the West", great changes have taken place in main production provinces of mulberry silkworm and their comparative advantages. Based on the analysis of industrial concentration and industrial comparative advantages, this paper compared the comparative advantages of China′s silkworm industry′s main producing areas, and analyzed the factors affecting the shift of the comparative advantage of main production areas of mulberry silkworm in China. The results showed that (1) The concentration of silkworm cocoon industry in China showed a downward trend first and then an upward trend from 2003 to 2015. (2) The silkworm industry in Guangxi, Zhejiang, Chongqing, Yunnan, Shaanxi and Sichuan provinces had significant scale advantages (SAC > 2). The advantage of production efficiency in Zhejiang province, a big traditional silkworm industry province, had declined significantly. The comprehensive advantage of Guangxi and Yunnan provinces had been continuously improved, and the industrial production had obviously shifted to the western and central regions. (3) The formation and change of the comparative advantage of the main producing areas of silkworm industry in China was influenced by resources, economy, market, technology, ecology and policy. We should strengthen the construction of silkworm industry chain in Western China, strengthen the macro control of silkworm industry, speed up technological innovation, reduce production costs, improve the comprehensive development level of silkworm industry, and consolidate and promote the development of new major silkworm production areas with comparative advantages such as Guangxi and Yunnan.