民族贫困山区乡村旅游资源空间结构分析与优化*——以渝东南地区为例

ANALYSIS AND OPTIMIZATION OF THE SPATIAL STRUCTURE OF RURAL TOURISM RESOURCES IN MINORITY POVERTY MOUNTAIN AREAS*——A CASE STUDY IN SOUTHEASTERN CHONGQING

关键词:  乡村旅游资源空间结构空间优化渝东南民族贫困山区

Key words:  rural tourism resources  spatial structure  spatial optimization  southeast Chongqing  the minority poverty mountain areas

摘要:

［目的］发展乡村旅游是民族贫困山区实现乡村振兴的重要途径。研究贫困山区乡村旅游资源空间结构对掌握当地乡村旅游空间发展规律、存在问题，促进乡村旅游产业可持续发展具有重要意义。［方法］采用GIS技术、网络拓扑分析法和点—轴系统理论，分析了渝东南乡村旅游资源空间结构和优化路径。［结果］（1）区域尺度上，渝东南乡村旅游资源总体分布不均，开发不充分，呈现中部—南部—北部依次递减的格局； 休闲观光类处于主导类型，资源类型开发不充分，仍处于初级发展阶段； （2）县域尺度上， 6区县间乡村旅游发展不平衡明显，酉阳领先于其他区县； （3）空间关联方面，β指数为101，γ指数为034，Ai指数的平均值为7621km，平均径路长平均值为928，表明渝东南乡村旅游资源交通网络的连接度、通达度整体偏低，路网密度低； （4）结构优化方面，构建了渝东南“三级节点、两级轴线、两大板块”的乡村旅游空间结构优化系统。［结论］渝东南乡村旅游资源空间开发不平衡、不充分，应尽快提升基础设施水平，充分挖掘整合特色资源，培育打造“点”“轴”“面”相结合的旅游空间体系，实现区域乡村旅游可持续发展，助推当地脱贫攻坚与乡村振兴。

Abstract:

Developing rural tourism is an important way to realize the revitalization of the rural areas in mountainous areas. Studying the spatial structure of rural tourism resources in these areas is of great significance in grasping the law of the development of local rural tourism space, existing problems and promoting the sustainable development of rural tourism industry. In this study, the spatial structure and optimal path of rural tourism resources in southeast Chongqing were analyzed based on GIS technology, network topology analysis and point axis system theory. The results show that the overall distribution of rural tourism resources in southeastern Chongqing is uneven and the development is not sufficient, showing a decreasing pattern of the center south north. The leisure and sightseeing class is dominant, and the development of rural tourism is not sufficient. Obviously it is still in the primary stage of development. What′s more, the development of rural tourism in 6 districts and counties is apparently imbalanced, Youyang taking the leading position. In terms of spatial correlation, the β index is 1.01, γ index is 0.34, the accessibility index is 76.21km and the average path length is 9.28, indicating that both the connectivity of rural tourism resources in these regions and the density of road network is low. Lastly, according to the research data, a "three level nodes, two level axises and two big plates" combination is constructed. Above all, these results suggest that the development of rural tourism resources in southeast Chongqing is unbalanced and inadequate. We should improve the infrastructure level as soon as possible, explore and integrate characteristic resources fully, cultivate and build a tourism space system combining "node", "axis" and "plate", realize the sustainable development of regional rural tourism, and boost the region′s poverty alleviation and rural revitalization.