加快农用地膜污染防治立法推进乡村振兴生态宜居

STUDY ON THE LEGISLATION OF AGRICULTURAL PLASTIC FILM POLLUTION PREVENTION TO PROMOTE PLEASANT LIVING ENVIRONMENT OF RURAL VITALIZATION

关键词:  农用地膜污染立法乡村振兴战略生态宜居

Key words:  agricultural plastic film  pollution  legislation  the strategy of rural vitalization  pleasant living environment

摘要:

［目的］农用地膜是继化肥、农药后的第三大农业生产资料，对保障我国粮食安全发挥了重要作用。2016年我国地膜使用量已达147万t，覆盖作物高达50余种，覆盖栽培面积达1 840万hm2，成为地膜覆盖面积最大的国家。同时，由于我国缺乏国家层面地膜污染防治的上位法，大量地膜残留在农田中，回收利用率不足2/3，亟需加快农用地膜污染防治立法，推进乡村振兴生态宜居。［方法］系统研究我国地膜污染防治的严峻形势、现有地膜污染防治法律法规立法现状、国外立法经验借鉴、我国地膜污染防治立法面临的问题和可行性。［结果］为从根本上解决农用地膜污染突出问题，有必要制定一套管用、实用的地膜污染防治法律体系，依法妥善解决“白色污染”问题，弥补国家层面地膜污染防治立法上的空白，为乡村振兴生态宜居提供坚强的法律保障和支撑。［结论］建议加快制订国家层面农用地膜污染防治上位法，立法内容要全覆盖、全方位做出具体规定，法律要明确各部门职责、建立农用地膜污染防治责任制度、加大农用地膜普法宣传力度，建立农用地膜污染防治法律体系。

Abstract:

Agricultural plastic film is the third largest agricultural means of production after chemical fertilizers and pesticides, and plays an important role in ensuring China′s food security.The usage of agricultural plastic film in China has reached 1 740 110 tons in 2016, covering more than 50 crops with the area of 18.4 million hectares. However, due to the lack of superior legislation for agricultural plastic film pollution prevention at the national level, a large amount of plastic mulching film remains in the farmland, and the recycling rate is less than 2/3. It is urgent to speed up the legislation for the prevention and control of agricultural plastic film pollution, in order to promote the pleasant living environment of rural vitalization. Based on the systematic review of the situation of agricultural plastic film pollution, the existing laws，the regulations on the prevention， the control of plastic mulching film pollution and the experience of foreign legislation, the problems and feasibility of legislation for agricultural plastic film pollution prevention in China are comprehensively analyzed. In order to fundamentally solve the problem of agricultural plastic film pollution, it is necessary to formulate a practical legal system for agricultural plastic film pollution prevention to solve the problem of "white pollution", and to make up for the lack of law on plastic film prevention at the national level as well as provide strong legal protection and support for the pleasant living environment of rural vitalization. It is recommended to speed up the formulation of the upper-level law for the prevention and control of plastic mulching film pollution at the national level, and the legislative content should be fully covered and comprehensively formulated. At the same time, it is possible to establish a long-term mechanism for agricultural plastic film recycling and environmental protection through clarifying the responsibilities of different government departments, developing the responsibility system for agricultural plastic film pollution prevention, increasingthepropaganda campaign on agricultural plastic film law, and establishingthelegal system for the prevention and control of agricultural plastic film pollution.