农地流转会导致土壤肥力下降吗？*——基于4省种粮大户测土结果的实证研究

WOULD FARMLAND TRANSFER RESULT IN SOIL FERTILITY DECLINING? *——AN EMPIRICAL STUDY BASED ON FOUR PROVINCES′ SOIL DATA OF LARGE SCALE GRAIN FARMERS

关键词:  农地流转土壤肥力种粮大户有机质含量有机肥

Key words:  land transfer  soil fertility  scale farmers  organic content  organic fertilizer

摘要:

［目的］在我国农地“三权分置”背景下，农地流转是否会影响对土地的投资，进而影响土壤肥力？故客观评价当前农地流转对土壤肥力的影响显得迫切而重要。［方法］利用2015年黑龙江、河南、浙江、四川4省种粮大户家庭特征和农地肥力数据，并与2007年测土配方数据作比对，分析两期土壤肥力的变化； 进而深入分析了农地流转对转入地土壤肥力的影响； 最后从有机肥施用的角度，探讨了种粮大户改善土壤肥力的行为。［结果］4省样本的土壤有机质含量并没有因为流转而出现下降，反而整体上得到了提升：家庭层面，大户两块地（自有地与转入地）的肥力差异呈现随经营时间的增加而缩小的趋势（年均缩小021g/kg），且规模越大自有地与转入地的肥力差异越小（规模每增加1hm2，差异将缩小0045g/kg）； 有机肥施用上，大户在转入地上的有机肥施用概率也并没有显著低于其自有地。［结论］在近10年，农地流转并未造成4省样本地区农地肥力出现恶化，且规模经营有利于农地肥力的改善，大户不会对转入地歧视。据此，提出引导农地合理流转、激励耕地保护型投资和发挥大户模范带头作用等政策建议。

Abstract:

Under the background of the farmland′s three rights division in China, will the large amount of farmland transfer be harmful to agricultural investments? Thus will it affect the implementation of the "grain in the land, grain in technology" strategy? It is urgent and important to objectively evaluate the impact of farmland transfer on soil fertility. Using the data of farmers′ characteristics and land fertility of four provinces (Heilongjiang, Henan, Zhejiang and Sichuan) in 2015, and comparing with the soil testing and fertilizer recommendation data in 2007, this study compared the changes of soil fertility in the two periods. Then it analyzed the influence of the land transfer on the soil fertility. Moreover, it discussed the behavior of improving the soil fertility of large grain farmers from the point of view of organic fertilizer input. The results showed that the content of soil organic matter in four provinces did not decrease because of the circulation. On the contrary, it had been promoted as a whole. At the farmer level, the fertility difference between the two plots land (self owned land and transferred land) of the large households tended to decrease with the increase of operating time (the annual reduction of 0.21g/kg), and the larger the scale was, the smaller the fertility difference between self owned land and transferred land (the difference reduced by 0.045g/kg for each increase of 1 hm2). No significant difference was found in the input of organic fertilizer between self owned land and transferred land. At organic fertilizer application level, the probability of organic fertilizer used on transferred land was not significantly lower than that on farmers′ own land. The above results show that in the past ten years, the agricultural land transfer has not cause the deterioration of farmland fertility in the four provinces. And scale management is conducive to the improvement of the fertility of the farmland. Scale farmers have not discriminate investment in the transferred land fertility. Accordingly, this study puts forward some policy recommendations, such as guiding the reasonable transfer of farmland, motivating the investment of land fertility protection and developing the leading role of scale farmers.