中国粳稻生产效率演变及区域差异

THE EVOLUTION OF PRODUCTION EFFICIENCT AND REGIONAL DIFFERENCES OF JAPONICA RICE IN CHINA

关键词:  粳稻超效率DEA技术效率规模无效率投入冗余

Key words:  japonica rice  super efficiency DEA  technical efficiency  scale inefficiency  input redundance

摘要:

［目的］我国粳稻产量现阶段呈连续增长的态势，然而粳稻生产效率却存在无效率或波动剧烈的现象，研究我国的粳稻生产效率，有助于提升和稳定中国粳稻区域生产效率和水平从而间接保障我国粮食安全。［方法］使用超效率DEA方法测算中国13个粳稻生产省份的生产效率，分别从时间和区域上的差异进行分析。［结果］中国粳稻生产技术效率在时间趋势上逐渐趋于平稳，但是在2004—2007年间存在短暂的波动； 在区域上主要是西南和东北粳稻生产区的技术效率水平较高，西北区在技术效率、纯技术效率与规模效率上都处于较低的水平； 虽然河南、湖北、宁夏3个省份出现技术无效率，但规模报酬都处于递增的状态，仍有提升生产效率的潜力，应通过减少要素投入冗余来改变其无效率状态。［结论］粳稻生产技术无效率主要是由于种子费用、农药费用等生产要素的投入冗余造成的； 若将来在保持纯技术效率和其他条件不变的情况下，通过提升规模效率水平会进一步提升我国粳稻的整体技术效率水平。基于上述分析有针对性地提出制定粳稻生产区域规划、发展适度规模经营、改善生产要素使用效率3方面的政策建议。

Abstract:

At present, the production of japonica rice is continuously growing in china. However, there is inefficiency or violent fluctuation in the production efficiency of japonica rice. The research is intended to study the production efficiency of japonica rice in China, which is conducive to improve and stabilize the China′s regional production efficiency level of japonica rice, so as to indirectly guarantee China′s food security. The super efficiency DEA method was used to measure the production efficiencies of 13 japonica producing provinces in China, and the differences in time and area were also analyzed. The results showed that （1）The technical efficiency of Chinese japonica rice production gradually tended to be stable over time, but there had been short term fluctuations from 2004 to 2007.（2）Regionally, the technical efficiency level of the southwestern and northeast japonica rice production areas was relatively high, and the level of northwestern region was relatively low in terms of technical efficiency, pure technical efficiency and scale efficiency.（3）Although there were technical inefficiencies in the three provinces of Henan, Hubei, and Ningxia, the scale returns were in an increasing state, and there was still potential to increase production efficiency. The inefficiency state should be changed by reducing the factor input redundancy. It concludes that the inefficiency of japonica rice production technology is mainly caused by the redundant input of production factors such as cost, if the pure technical efficiency and other conditions remain unchanged in the future, by improving the scale efficiency level, the overall technical efficiency level of japonica rice in China will be further improved. Finally, this research puts forward three policy recommendations including formulating regional planning for japonica rice production, developing moderate scale operation and improving the efficiency of production factors.