陕北黄陵县农户生计资本评价及其生计策略研究

STUDY ON THE LIVELIHOOD CAPITAL AND LIVELIHOOD STRATEGIES OF FARMERS′ IN HUANGLING COUNTY OF NORTHERN SHAANXI

关键词:  农户生计资本生计策略逻辑回归黄陵县

Key words:  farmers  livelihood capital  livelihood strategies  Logistic regression  Huangling county

摘要:

［目的］选取受退耕还林、封山禁牧等生态政策影响较大的陕北农户为研究对象，分析农户生计资本与生计策略之间的作用关系。［方法］基于可持续生计分析框架，采用Logistic回归模型，对17个行政村335户样本农户数据进行分析。［结果］（1）研究区农户的人力资本整体得分最高，社会资本居次，物质资本中等偏下，自然资本和金融资本处于低水平； （2）农户生计分化明显，典型的纯农户很少，农户生计策略主要为兼农型和低水平非农型； （3）回归分析表明，人力资本指数高的农户倾向于外地兼农，物质资本和社会资本指数高的农户倾向于当地兼农，家庭年收入、人均教育投入和人情往来3项指标是促进农户向非农型生计策略转变的关键因子。［结论］农户生计策略的选择和转变是建立在自身资本结构上的，其往往向着发挥生计资本优势、规避生计资本短板的方向调整生计策略，进而达到提高整体生计资本水平的目的。人力资本优势主导下的黄陵县，加之沟壑区农地资源空间配置的破碎性与复杂性，外地兼农型生计策略将仍是该地区农户近期内的主要生计抉择。

Abstract:

This paper selects the farmers in northern Shaanxi who are influenced by ecological policies such as conversion of cropland to forestland, closing hillsides to prohibit herding, and analyzes the relationship between farmers′ livelihood capital and livelihood strategies. 335 samples of farmers from 17 administrative villages are analyzed using Logistic regression model, which is based on the sustainable livelihood analysis framework. The results showed that: (1) The overall score of human capital in the study area was the highest, the social capital ranked second, the material capital was the third, the natural capital and financial capital were the lowest; (2) the differentiation of farmer′s livelihood was obvious, there are few typical pure farmers, and the livelihood strategies of farmers were mainly non agricultural and low level non agricultural; (3) Regression analysis showed that farmers with high human capital index tended to be farmers in the field, and farmers with high physical capital and social capital index tended to be local. The three indicators of peasant farming, family annual income, per capital education investment and human relationship were the key factors to promote the transformation of farmers into non agricultural livelihood strategies. In conclusion, the choice and transformation of farmers′ livelihood strategies are based on their own capital structure. They tend to adjust their livelihood strategies in the direction of taking advantage of livelihood capital and avoiding the shortcomings of livelihood capital, so as to achieve the goal of raising the overall level of livelihood capital. Because of the dominated advantages of human capital and the fragmentation and complexity of the spatial allocation of agricultural land resources in the Huangling County, the livelihood strategies of immigrant worker will continue to be the main livelihood choices for the farmers in the near future.