基于生态足迹模型的川西南高原地区生态安全评价*——以甘孜藏族自治州为例

EVALUATION OF ECOLOGICAL SECURITY IN PLATEAU AREAS OF SOUTHWEST SICHUAN BASED ON ECOLOGICAL FOOTPRINT MODEL*——A CASE STUDY OF GANZI TIBETAN AUTONOMOUS PREFECTURE

关键词:  生态安全生态足迹模型可持续发展生态压力协调性

Key words:  ecological security  ecological footprint model  sustainable development  ecological pressure  coordination

摘要:

［目的］生态安全对一个国家或地区的社会经济发展和资源的可持续利用具有重要作用，研究生态安全现状及其动态变化为解决特定区域的生态安全问题提供理论参考。［方法］以生态足迹模型为理论依据，通过人均生态赤字/盈余、万元GDP生态足迹、生态压力指数、生态足迹多样性指数和生态协调系数综合评定2009—2015年川西南高原地区甘孜藏族自治州发展的生态安全状况。［结果］（1）2009—2015年甘孜藏族自治州人均生态足迹由1490 hm2增加到1642 hm2，人均生态容量逐年递减，人均生态足迹远低于人均生态容量，始终处于生态赤字状态。（2）万元GDP生态足迹逐年下降， 2013—2015年，出现上升，资源利用效率开始下降。（3）2009—2015年生态压力指数由3081增长到了3907，整体呈增加趋势，生态协调系数D由2009年的1260下降到2015年的1217。［结论］甘孜藏族自治州对资源的开发利用远高于生态系统本身的供给能力，严重威胁社会经济的可持续发展。川西南高原地区所承受的环境生态压力越来越大，发展的需求与资源环境的协调性较差，生态安全问题需要高度重视。

Abstract:

Ecological security plays an important role in the socio economic development and sustainable use of resources in a country or region. Research on the status quo of ecological security and its dynamic changes provide a theoretical reference for solving ecological security problems in specific regions. Based on the ecological footprint model, the eco safety status of the Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture in 2009-2015 was comprehensively assessed through per capita ecological deficit/earnings, million yuan GDP ecological footprint, ecological pressure index, ecological footprint diversity index, and ecological coordination coefficient. The per capita ecological footprint of the Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture from 2009 to 2015 increased from 1.490 hm2 to 1.642 hm2, and the per capita ecological capacity decreased year by year. The per capita ecological footprint was far below the per capita ecological capacity, and it was always in an ecological deficit state. The million yuan GDP ecological footprint had been declining year by year, rising from 2013 to 2015, and resource utilization efficiency had begun to decline. From 2009 to 2015, the ecological pressure index increased from 3.081 to 3.907, showing an overall increase. The ecological coordination coefficient D decreased from 1.260 in 2009 to 1.217 in 2015. The development and utilization of resources in the Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture is much higher than the supply capacity of the ecosystem itself, which seriously threatens the sustainable development of the social economy. The ecological and environmental pressures on the southwestern Sichuan Plateau are increasing, the coordination between development needs and resources and environments is poor, and ecological security issues need to be highly valued.