家庭农场经营效率及其差异分析*——基于山东234个示范家庭农场的调查

RESEARCH ON OPERATING EFFICIENCY OF FAMILY FARMS AND ITS DIFFERENCES* ——BASED ON SURVEY OF 234 MODEL FAMILY FARMS IN SHANDONG PROVINCE

关键词:  家庭农场经营效率DEA模型规模效率纯技术效率

Key words:  family farms  operating efficiency  DEA model  scale efficiency  pure technical efficiency

摘要:

［目的］文章通过对山东省家庭农场经营效率的实证分析，旨在厘清技术、规模对农场经营效率的促进作用，通过比较分析找出各类型家庭农场短板，针对性地提出政策建议。［方法］以山东234个家庭农场数据为例，运用DEA模型对家庭农场全样本及纯种植、种养结合、种植兼休闲、种养兼休闲4类家庭农场的经营效率进行了测算和分解。［结果］首先，家庭农场综合技术效率仅为0170，纯技术效率和规模效率分别为0235和0786，规模效率相对充分纯技术效率不足是经营效率较低的主要原因； 其次，种养结合类农场发展势头较好，纯种植类家庭农场发展滞后且综合技术效率和纯技术效率最低，种养兼休闲类农场的规模效率最低。［结论］4类农场差异明显，应降低生产技术使用门槛，引导农场主参加职业教育，提升纯种植类农场纯技术效率，同时出台相关政策，实现土地流转的降费提效，改善种养兼休闲类农场规模效率。

Abstract:

Through the empirical analysis of the operation efficiency of family farms in Shandong province, this research aims to clarify the promotion effect of technology and scale on farm operation efficiency, find out the weaknesses of various types of family farms through contrastive analysis, so as to propose policy in a targeted manner. Taking the data of 234 family farms in Shandong province as an example, the DEA model was used to calculate and decompose the operating efficiency of all samples of family farms and the four types of family farms including pure planting, planting and breeding, planting and leisure, breeding and leisure. The results were showed as follows. Firstly, the comprehensive technical efficiency of family farms was only 0.170, the pure technical efficiency and scale efficiency was 0.235 and 0.786, respectively, and the low technical efficiency is the main reason that led to the operating inefficiency; secondly, the planting and breeding farms were booming in trends of development, while the purely planted family farms were showing relatively slow progress, of which the comprehensive technical efficiency and pure technical efficiency were the lowest; the scale efficiency of the breeding and leisure farms were lower than other types of farms, and there were obvious differences among the four kinds of family farms. Therefore, it is necessary to lower the threshold of production technology, guide farmers to participate in vocational education, and improve the pure technical efficiency of purely planted farms. Meanwhile, in order to improve the scale efficiency of planting and leisure farms, relevant policies should be implemented to reduce costs of land transfer and enhance its efficiency .