土地细碎化和土地质量是否影响小麦技术效率*——基于山东省小麦种植户的实证分析

WETHER LAND FRAGMENTATION AND LAND QUALITY AFFECT TECHNICAL EFFICIENCY OF WHEAT*——BASED ON THE EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS OF WHEAT GROWERS IN SHANDONG PROVINCE

关键词:  小麦技术效率土地细碎化土地质量山东省

Key words:  wheat  technical efficiency  land fragmentation  land quality  Shandong province

摘要:

［目的］小麦是我国重要的口粮之一，提高小麦的技术效率对于保障粮食安全具有重要的战略意义。在测算小麦技术效率的基础上，找出影响小麦技术效率的关键因素，为保障国家口粮安全提供参考。［方法］基于调研数据，运用超越对数生产函数以及一步随机前沿分析方法，构建计量模型分析土地细碎化和土地质量对小麦技术效率的影响。［结果］全部样本的技术效率差距较大，规模经营农户的技术效率高于小农户，农户技术效率最高的种植面积为67~333hm2，代表小麦种植的适宜规模。从技术效率的影响因素来看，土地细碎化程度和土地质量都对小麦生产的技术效率产生显著影响。［结论］为了提高小麦的技术效率，应该发展多种形式适度规模经营，鼓励创新土地流转形式，提高农业机械化水平； 深入开展土地质量调查，因地制宜地选择土地修复路径； 实行精准补贴，切实保护农民的利益。

Abstract:

Wheat is one of the most important grain rations in our country. It is of great strategic significance to improve the technical efficiency of wheat for ensuring food security. On the basis of calculating the technical efficiency of wheat, the key factors affecting the technical efficiency of wheat were found out to provide reference for ensuring China′s grain security. Based on the survey data, an econometric model was built to analyze the impact of land fragmentation and land quality on wheat technical efficiency by using the transcendental logarithm production function and one step stochastic frontier analysis method. The results showed that the technical efficiency gap of all samples was large. The technical efficiency of farmers with large scale operation was higher than that of small farmers. The planting area with the highest technical efficiency of farmers was 6.67~ 33.33hm2, which represented the appropriate scale of wheat planting. From the determinants of technical efficiency, the degree of land fragmentation and land quality had a significant impact on the technical efficiency of wheat production. In order to improve the technical efficiency of wheat, we should develop various forms of moderate scale management, encourage innovative land transfer forms, and improve the level of agricultural mechanization level. Meanwhile, it should carry out in depth land quality survey and choose land restoration path according to local conditions. And it should implement targeted subsidies to protect farmers′ interests.